Optimal operation of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control

WANG Weiyu; ZHANG Shenxi; CHENG Haozhong; LI Ke

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260098

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Optimal operation of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control

更新时间：2026-09-28

- Optimal operation of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 19, (2026)
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- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260098
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- Published：2026
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WANG Weiyu, ZHANG Shenxi, CHENG Haozhong, et al. Optimal operation of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(19).
DOI：

WANG Weiyu, ZHANG Shenxi, CHENG Haozhong, et al. Optimal operation of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(19). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260098.

摘要

针对分布式光伏(distributed photovoltaic

DPV)单相接入引起的三相不平衡、电压偏差增大及网损上升等问题，提出一种计及DPV无功-电压下垂调控的三相不平衡配电网优化运行方法。首先，基于电压死区和饱和区间，刻画DPV逆变器的无功-电压下垂控制特性，并构建多时间尺度优化框架。然后，在长时间尺度协调常规调压设备，确定DPV无功可调容量边界，在短时间尺度优化DPV逆变器的下垂控制参数。最后，采用半正定松弛和二阶锥松弛将非凸非线性模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划模型，并通过分钟级运行校核验证控制效果。算例结果表明，所提方法能够实现多时间尺度协调优化，降低三相不平衡度和网损，改善电压偏差。

Abstract

To address issues of three-phase unbalance

increased voltage deviations

and higher network losses caused by single-phase integration of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) systems

an optimal operation method for three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering DPV reactive power-voltage droop control is proposed. First

based on voltage deadbands and saturation intervals

the reactive power-voltage droop control characteristics of DPV inverters are characterized

and a multi-timescale optimization framework is established. Then

conventional voltage regulation devices are coordinated at the long timescale to determine the adjustable reactive power capacity boundary of DPV

while the droop control parameters of DPV inverters are optimized at the short timescale. Finally

semidefinite relaxation and second-order cone relaxation are employed to transform the nonconvex nonlinear model into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model

and minute-level operational validation is conducted to verify the control performance. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method achieves coordinated multi-timescale optimization

reduces three-phase unbalance and network losses

and mitigates voltage deviations.

关键词

Keywords

references

YAN Ruifeng, SAHA T K. Voltage variation sensitivity analysis for unbalanced distribution networks due to photovoltaic power fluctuations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2012, 27(2): 1078-1089.

SU Xiangjing, MASOUM M A S, WOLFS P J. Optimal PV inverter reactive power control and real power curtailment to improve performance of unbalanced four- wire LV distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014, 5(3): 967-977.

IEEE. IEEE standard for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources with associated electric power systems interfaces—revision of IEEE Std 1547— 2003[S]. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018.

YANG Hao, WANG Jiayi, YI Wenfei, et al. Knowledge- data driven centralized-decentralized coordinated optimal voltage control for active distribution networks[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2026, 11(3): 56-77.

ZHANG Cuo, XU Ruipeng, YANG Linfeng. Optimization of local voltage control with coordinating droop functions under high PV penetration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2024, 39(5): 6776-6779.

QIN Hongpei, WAN Can, HE Ziqiang, et al. Coordinated voltage and frequency support from high-penetration distributed PV inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2025, 16(6): 4822-4835.

CHOWDHURY M, BISWAS B D, KAMALASADAN S. Second-order cone programming (SOCP) model for three phase optimal power flow (OPF) in active distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2023, 14(5): 3732-3743.

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