Time-domain pilot protection for offshore wind farm flexible low-frequency transmission lines based on an improved relative distance deviation coefficient

LIANG Yingyu; XU Jiahao; MENG Zhichao; YANG Xiaoyang

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260059

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Time-domain pilot protection for offshore wind farm flexible low-frequency transmission lines based on an improved relative distance deviation coefficient

更新时间：2026-07-27

- Time-domain pilot protection for offshore wind farm flexible low-frequency transmission lines based on an improved relative distance deviation coefficient
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 12, (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国矿业大学 (北京) 机械与电气工程学院,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260059
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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LIANG Yingyu, XU Jiahao, MENG Zhichao, et al. Time-domain pilot protection for offshore wind farm flexible low-frequency transmission lines based on an improved relative distance deviation coefficient[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(12).
DOI：

LIANG Yingyu, XU Jiahao, MENG Zhichao, et al. Time-domain pilot protection for offshore wind farm flexible low-frequency transmission lines based on an improved relative distance deviation coefficient[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(12). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260059.

摘要

海上柔性低频输电系统的故障响应特性与传统同步机组存在显著差异，可能导致传统电流差动保护拒动。为此，深入分析了柔性低频线路两侧电流所构成的电流曲线特性，提出一种基于相对距离偏差系数的纵联保护 (relative distance deviation coefficient-based pilot protection

RDDC-PP) 方法，可精准识别区内故障，并对异常数据和电流互感器测量误差具有固有鲁棒性。进一步利用洛伦兹变换对电流曲线进行改进，提出基于改进相对距离偏差系数的时域纵联保护方法 (improved relative distance deviation coefficient-based pilot protection

IRDDC-PP)，并设计自适应参数 α，使 IRDDC-PP 对同步误差和高斯白噪声等干扰也具有强耐受能力。采用数字 - 物理联合仿真平台对所提方法进行验证。结果表明，所提方法在不同过渡电阻、故障位置、故障类型及采样频率下均能准确动作，对电流互感器测量误差、异常数据、噪声和同步误差等干扰具有良好的鲁棒性，在速动性、灵敏性、信赖性和安全性方面均优于对比方法。

Abstract

The fault response characteristics of offshore flexible low-frequency AC transmission systems differ significantly from those of traditional synchronous generator based power systems

which may cause malfunction of conventional current differential protection. To address this issue

this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current curve characteristics formed by the currents at both ends of a flexible low-frequency transmission line

and proposes a relative distance deviation coefficient-based pilot protection (RDDC-PP) method. The proposed method can accurately identify internal faults and exhibits inherent robustness against abnormal data and current transformer (CT) measurement errors. Furthermore

the Lorentz transformation is employed to improve the current trajectories

and an improved relative distance deviation coefficient-based time-domain pilot protection (IRDDC-PP) method is developed. An adaptive parameter α is also designed to enhance the robustness of IRDDC-PP to disturbances such as synchronization errors and Gaussian white noise. The proposed method is validated using a digital-physical co-simulation platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method operates accurately under various fault resistances

fault locations

fault types

and sampling frequencies. In addition

it exhibits strong robustness against disturbances such as CT measurement errors

abnormal data

noise

and synchronization errors. Compared with existing methods

the proposed approach achieves superior performance in terms of speed

sensitivity

dependability

and security.

关键词

Keywords

references

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LIANG Yingyu, REN Yi, ZHANG Zhi. Pilot protection based on two-dimensional space projection of dual differential currents for lines connecting MMC-HVDC station[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2023, 70(5): 4356-4368.

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YANG Zhe, ZHU Ruijin, LIAO Wenlong. Minkowski distance based pilot protection for tie lines between offshore wind farms and MMC[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2024, 20(6): 8441-8452.

HOU Junjie, GAO Qiangqiang, FAN Yanfang, et al. Improved differential protection for two-terminal weak feed AC system considering negative sequence control coordination strategy[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 2022, 164.

TU Qingrui, LIU Wei, JIANG Jiaheng, et al. A time domain pilot protection based on module identification for M3C-based fractional frequency offshore wind power system[C] // 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Systems Technology, September 12-14, 2022, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: 213-218.

GAO Xiaoping, SONG Guobing, ZHANG Chenhao, et al. A novel directional pilot protection of submarine cables for low frequency transmission system with offshore wind power[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2025, 40(1): 273-286.

吴百诗. 大学物理: 下册[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 2009.

LIANG Yingyu, PAN Cunyue. Time-domain differential protection based on operating and restraining trajectory indices for lines connecting battery storage energy stations[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2024, 12(4): 1074-1086.

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