Safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization for voltage‑reactive power control based on switching control barrier functions

LI Zhimin; QIU Gao; TANG Zhiyuan; LIU Youbo; HUANG Yang; HUANG Zhen; LIU Junyong; SHUI Yue

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260028

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Safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization for voltage‑reactive power control based on switching control barrier functions

更新时间：2026-10-16

- Safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization for voltage‑reactive power control based on switching control barrier functions
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 17, (2026)
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- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260028
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- Published：2026
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LI Zhimin, QIU Gao, TANG Zhiyuan, et al. Safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization for voltage‑reactive power control based on switching control barrier functions[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(17).
DOI：

LI Zhimin, QIU Gao, TANG Zhiyuan, et al. Safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization for voltage‑reactive power control based on switching control barrier functions[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(17). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260028.

摘要

大规模新能源并网致使输电网受扰后易发生电压越限，现有电压‑无功优化方法难以同时兼顾在线响应性能、控制稳定性和持续扰动下的电压安全性。对此，提出一种基于切换控制障碍函数的安全增强电压‑无功在线反馈优化控制策略。首先，建立无功控制代价的在线梯度动态模型，融合近似雅可比矩阵，形成面向电压‑无功在线反馈优化的约束线性控制模型。然后，设计越限电压恢复的安全引导函数，结合防止电压反复越限的障碍函数，形成电压安全增强型切换控制障碍函数。最后，基于二次规划框架设计最优控制律，并证明所提控制策略的前向不变性及渐近稳定性。算例分析表明，所提方法在故障扰动场景下，相比离线优化方法，响应速度和控制精度显著更优，相比投影梯度下降方法，安全性与稳定性更优。

Abstract

The large‑scale integration of renewable energy makes transmission networks more susceptible to voltage violations following disturbances. Existing voltage‑reactive power (V‑Q) optimization methods struggle to simultaneously achieve fast online response

control stability

and voltage security under sustained disturbances. To address this issue

a safety‑enhanced online feedback optimization strategy for V‑Q control based on switching control barrier functions (SCBFs) is proposed. First

an online gradient dynamic model of reactive power control costs is established and combined with an approximate Jacobian matrix to formulate a constrained linear control model for online feedback optimization of V‑Q control. Then

a safety guidance function for voltage violation recovery is designed and combined with a barrier function that prevents repeated voltage violations

thereby forming a voltage safety‑enhanced SCBF. Finally

an optimal control law is designed within the quadratic programming framework

and the forward invariance and asymptotic stability of the proposed control strategy are theoretically established. Simulation results show that

under fault disturbance scenarios

the proposed method achieves significantly faster response and higher control accuracy than offline optimization methods

while providing superior safety and stability compared with the projected gradient descent method.

关键词

Keywords

references

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