Fault characteristics reshaping strategy for outgoing lines of 100% renewable energy bases grid-formed by MMC-HVDC

LI Yan; ZHONG Siwei; CAO Runbin; PENG Faxi; HUANG Weihuang; ZHOU Yongzhi

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251324

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Fault characteristics reshaping strategy for outgoing lines of 100% renewable energy bases grid-formed by MMC-HVDC

更新时间：2026-06-18

- Fault characteristics reshaping strategy for outgoing lines of 100% renewable energy bases grid-formed by MMC-HVDC
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 11, (2026)
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- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251324
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- Published：2026
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LI Yan, ZHONG Siwei, CAO Runbin, et al. Fault characteristics reshaping strategy for outgoing lines of 100% renewable energy bases grid-formed by MMC-HVDC[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(11).
DOI：

LI Yan, ZHONG Siwei, CAO Runbin, et al. Fault characteristics reshaping strategy for outgoing lines of 100% renewable energy bases grid-formed by MMC-HVDC[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(11). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251324.

摘要

建设于沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区的大规模新能源发电基地，缺乏同步电源支撑，常采用构网柔直外送方案，在送端形成了 100% 新能源、100% 电力电子化的独立交流电网。在新能源交流送出线路发生故障时，故障暂态波动会大幅降低交流线路保护的可靠性。针对该问题，从控保协同角度，提出一种提升交流线路保护可靠性的故障特性重塑策略。首先，分析了传统控制策略下系统故障暂态波动机理及其与保护动作性能劣化之间的关联。然后，通过理论推导，设计了基于滑模控制的负序电流内环控制器，以替代传统比例积分控制器，并提出故障暂态的快速响应策略。最后，在 PSCAD/EMTDC 中建立了柔直构网的新能源基地送端电网的电磁暂态仿真模型，验证了所提故障特性重塑策略能够有效平抑暂态电流波动，进而提升保护可靠性。

Abstract

Large-scale renewable energy bases located in deserts

the Gobi

and other arid regions often lack synchronous generation support and therefore adopt grid-forming modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission schemes. In such systems

an isolated AC grid with 100% renewable energy and full power electronics is formed at the sending end. When faults occur on the outgoing AC lines

severe transient fluctuations significantly degrade the reliability of AC line protection. To address this issue

a fault characteristic reshaping strategy is proposed from the perspective of control-protection coordination to enhance protection reliability. First

the mechanism of fault transient fluctuations under conventional control schemes and its correlation with the degradation of protection performance are analyzed. Then

through theoretical derivation

a sliding mode control-based inner-loop controller for negative-sequence current is designed to replace the conventional proportional-integral controller

along with a fast transient response strategy. Finally

an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the sending-end grid of a renewable energy base with grid-forming MMC-HVDC is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results verify that the proposed fault characteristic reshaping strategy can effectively suppress transient current fluctuations

thereby enhancing protection reliability.

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references

ZHANG Tian, YAO Jun, LIN Yongchao, et al. Impact of control interaction of wind farm with MMC-HVDC transmission system on distance protection adaptability under symmetric fault[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2025, 10(2): 83-101.

LIU Xubin, CHEN Xinyu, LI Canbing, et al. Multi-stage voltage support optimization for microgrids with multiple distributed generation units[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2021, 12(1): 141-156.

NEUMANN T, WIJNHOVEN T, DECONINCK G, et al. Enhanced dynamic voltage control of type 4 wind turbines during unbalanced grid faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2015, 30(4): 1650-1659.

SHI Lei, ADAM G P, LI Rui, et al. Control of offshore MMC during asymmetric offshore AC faults for wind power transmission[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020, 8(2): 1074-1083.

MUDI R, DEY C. Performance improvement of PI controllers through dynamic set-point weighting[J]. ISA Transactions, 2011, 50(2): 220-230.

ALFARO V M, VILANOVA R, ARRIETA O. Considerations on set-point weight choice for 2-DoF PID controllers[C] // 7th IFAC Symposium on Advanced Control of Chemical Processes (ADCHEM 2009), July 12-15, 2009, Istanbul, Turkey: 721-726.

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