Bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the spot market based on an adaptive McCormick method

LI Jiang; TONG Hao; ZHANG Zishuo

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251084

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Bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the spot market based on an adaptive McCormick method

更新时间：2026-05-14

- Bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the spot market based on an adaptive McCormick method
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 10, (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  上海电力大学电气工程学部,上海,200090
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251084
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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LI Jiang, TONG Hao, ZHANG Zishuo. Bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the spot market based on an adaptive McCormick method[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(10).
DOI：

LI Jiang, TONG Hao, ZHANG Zishuo. Bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the spot market based on an adaptive McCormick method[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(10). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251084.

摘要

针对双结算机制下储能电站参与现货市场竞价时难以统筹日前计划与实时偏差电量结算，且双层模型因跨市场双线性项导致求解效率偏低的问题，提出一种基于自适应 McCormick 方法的储能参与现货市场竞价策略。首先，构建包含日前、实时市场出清及偏差电量结算的双层竞价模型，并在上层引入基于条件风险价值 (conditional value-at-risk

CvaR) 的收益风险权衡机制。然后，针对卡鲁什 - 库恩 - 塔克 (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker

KKT) 条件将双层模型单层化后跨日前、实时的双线性耦合项难以通过强对偶等价消除的问题，提出自适应分段 McCormick 线性化方法，通过动态松弛区间收缩与松弛区间回溯机制将原问题转化为可高效求解的混合整数线性规划。最后，在改进 IEEE39 节点系统上开展算例验证，结果表明所提策略在提升储能收益的同时兼顾求解效率与收敛稳定性。

Abstract

To address the challenges that

under a two-settlement mechanism

an energy storage power station participating in spot-market bidding is difficult to coordinate day-ahead schedules with real-time deviation-energy settlement

and that the associated bilevel model suffers from low computational efficiency due to cross-market bilinear terms

this paper proposes a bidding strategy for energy storage participation in the power spot market based on the adaptive McCormick method. First

a bilevel bidding model is established that incorporates day-ahead and real-time market clearing as well as deviation energy settlement

and a profit-risk trade-off mechanism based on conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is introduced at the upper level. Then after reformulating the bilevel model into a single-level problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions

the cross-market bilinear coupling terms between day-ahead and real-time markets cannot be eliminated through strong duality equivalence. To address this

an adaptive piecewise McCormick linearization method is developed

which transforms the original problem into a mixed-integer linear programming model through dynamic relaxation interval contraction and backtracking mechanisms

enabling efficient solution. Finally

case studies conducted on a modified IEEE39-bus system demonstrate that the proposed strategy improves the profitability of energy storage while achieving satisfactory computational efficiency and convergence stability.

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references

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