In recent years

extreme rainfall events have occurred frequently

intensifying urban pluvial flooding. Due to insufficient flood-proof design standards

ground-mounted distribution equipment is highly susceptible to inundation and outages during flood events. To enhance the resilience of distribution systems against pluvial flooding

this paper proposes a differentiated planning method for urban distribution networks based on a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model. First

the generalized extreme value distribution model is used to estimate the multi-year return-period rainfall using historical rainfall data and geographic information

while the study area is simulated with the 2D hydrodynamic model. Second

the failure probability of ground-mounted distribution equipment is evaluated according to its inundation depth. Typical failure scenarios are then generated and selected by combining the hybrid Monte Carlo sampling method and Shannon’s information entropy. Then

an optimization model for differentiated distribution network planning is formulated by comprehensively considering multiple rainfall return-period scenarios

with the objective of minimizing the sum of elevation investment costs and load-loss costs. The optimal elevation level of each ground-mounted distribution device is determined accordingly. Finally

simulations based on a modified IEEE 33-bus system verify that the proposed optimization model significantly enhances the distribution system’s resilience to pluvial flooding while effectively controlling the investment cost of flood-proof retrofits.