A Multi-user Load Forecasting Method Based on Asynchronous Personalized Federated Learning

XIONG Xiaoyong; LIU Daming

doi:10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2024.0207

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A Multi-user Load Forecasting Method Based on Asynchronous Personalized Federated Learning

更新时间：2026-10-19

- A Multi-user Load Forecasting Method Based on Asynchronous Personalized Federated Learning
- Vol. 43, Issue 5, Pages: 853-864(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  上海电力大学计算机科学与技术学院, 上海市浦东新区,200120
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2024.0207
  CLC： 5
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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XIONG Xiaoyong, LIU Daming. A Multi-user Load Forecasting Method Based on Asynchronous Personalized Federated Learning[J]. 2026, 43(5): 853-864.
DOI：

XIONG Xiaoyong, LIU Daming. A Multi-user Load Forecasting Method Based on Asynchronous Personalized Federated Learning[J]. 2026, 43(5): 853-864. DOI： 10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2024.0207.

摘要

具有实时、高采样率和高精度的智能电表为多元用户用电负荷预测提供了数据基础。目前，用户级负荷预测仍面临数据隐私泄露、数据样本不足和模型泛化能力弱等挑战。传统的联邦学习方法通过各客户端的协同训练，得到具有多方共性的全局模型，但该模型忽视了多元用户在用电模式和数据分布上的差异，且同步聚合容易受设备掉线、网络延迟的影响。针对上述问题，提出异步个性化联邦学习(asynchronous personalized federated learning，Async-PFL)方法，并在此基础上设计用于短期负荷预测的卷积神经网络–门控循环单元(convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit，CNN-GRU)混合模型。Async-PFL采用模型分层与局部调优的两阶段个性化方法，有效增强预测模型对不同用户异构数据的适应能力，使模型能够更好地契合多元用户的个性化特征。同时，该方法引入异步联邦聚合算法，结合滞后容忍模型分发机制与时间滞后权重函数，显著缓解因节点丢失和网络延迟对全局模型更新造成的影响，从而加快模型的收敛速度。将所提方法在“建筑数据基因组计划2”数据集上进行算例分析。结果表明，与单一模型及标准联邦学习相比，该方法在确保隐私安全的同时，不仅提升了模型精度，还增强了系统鲁棒性。

Abstract

Smart meters with real-time

high-sampling rate

and high-precision capabilities lay a data foundation for multi-user electricity load forecasting. Currently

user-level load forecasting still faces challenges such as data privacy leakage

insufficient data samples

and weak model generalization ability. Traditional federated learning methods derive a global model with common characteristics across multiple clients through collaborative training. However

these models overlook the differences in electricity consumption patterns and data distributions among diverse users. Additionally

synchronous aggregation is susceptible to device disconnection and network latency issues. To address these issues

an asynchronous personalized federated learning (Async-PFL) method is proposed. Based on this

a hybrid CNN-GRU model is designed for short-term load forecasting. The Async-PFL enhances the adaptability of the predictive model to heterogeneous data from different users through a two-stage personalization method based on model layering and local fine-tuning

thereby making the model better suited to the individual characteristics of diverse users. The asynchronous federated aggregation algorithm

combined with a lag-tolerant model distribution and a time-lag weight function

effectively mitigates the negative impact of node loss and network delays on global model updates

thereby accelerating model convergence. The proposed method is experimentally validated on the "Building Data Genome Project 2" dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only protects privacy but also outperforms single models and standard federated learning in terms of both model accuracy and system robustness.

关键词

Keywords

references

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