
1. 河北省科学院能源研究所
2. 石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院
Published:2026
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刘伟, 袁小雪, 王欣, et al. 氨氢燃烧-分解耦合体系中燃烧器结构对氮氧化物生成与分解效率的作用机理研究[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026, (5).
刘伟, 袁小雪, 王欣, et al. 氨氢燃烧-分解耦合体系中燃烧器结构对氮氧化物生成与分解效率的作用机理研究[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026, (5). DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509011.
【目的】为满足电网调峰与低碳制氢需求。【方法】以氨作为储能介质,建立了氨氢燃烧-分解耦合数值模型,系统分析了普通、多孔、双层多孔、分级4类燃烧器结构,以及分解区氨气入口速度对NOx排放特性与氨分解效率的作用机制。模型引入Ni-Pt/Al_2O3动力学与多孔介质阻力/传热模型,经文献实验验证,平均绝对误差小于4.4%。【结果】氨分解吸热显著降低了燃烧区温度,抑制了热力型NO生成,而N_2O仅轻微增加(约7×10–5%),整体上NOx排放大幅减少。4类燃烧器中,氨分解率均可达99.99%,但高分解率区域分布存在差异:分级燃烧器虽能有效降低NOx生成,却因二级冷氨掺入导致分解起始滞后;双层多孔燃烧器蓄热充分,但局部高温促进NO生成;单层多孔燃烧器在NOx控制与分解供热间取得最佳平衡。进一步研究表明,分解区氨气入口速度增大增强了吸热效应并降低了燃烧温度,使NO减少幅度大于N_2O增加幅度,从而整体NOx进一步降低;即便在氨气入口速度10 m/s条件下,氨分解率仍保持在90%以上。【结论】研究揭示了氨氢燃烧-分解一体化的热-化学协同机制,提出了单层多孔燃烧器作为发电侧调峰场景下的优选结构,可为氨能储放-制氢-低NOx协同设计提供理论依据与工程参考。
[Objective] This study aims to satisfy the growing demand for peak-load regulation in power systems and low-carbon hydrogen production. [Methods] A detailed numerical model for the coupled ammonia-hydrogen combustion and decomposition process is established by employing ammonia as an energy storage and hydrogen carrier medium. The model systematically investigates the influences of different burner configurations
such as conventional burners
single-layer porous burners
double-layer porous burners
and staged burners
as well as the inlet ammonia velocity within the decomposition zone on NOx emission characteristics and ammonia decomposition efficiency. By integrating heterogeneous catalytic kinetics of the Ni-Pt/Al_2O3 catalyst with porous-medium resistance and heat-transfer models
the simulation framework captures the complex thermo-chemical interactions within the integrated reactor. The reliability of the numerical model is validated through comparison with experimental data reported in the literature
showing an average absolute error of less than 4.4%
which confirms its capability to accurately predict the coupled combustion-decomposition behavior. [Results] The simulation results reveal that the endothermic ammonia decomposition process significantly alters the thermal field within the reactor. The strong heat absorption associated with catalytic decomposition reduces the peak temperature in the combustion zone
thereby effectively suppressing the formation of thermal NO. Although the concentration of N_2O exhibits a slight increase(approximately 7×10–5%)
the overall NOx emissions are substantially reduced due to the dominant decrease in NO formation. All four burner configurations can achieve an ammonia decomposition rate up to 99.99%. However
notable differences exist in the spatial distribution of regions with high decomposition rates and in the associated emission characteristics. Specifically
the staged burner demonstrates strong capability in NOx mitigation because of the distributed combustion strategy. Nevertheless
the secondary injection of relatively cold ammonia leads to a delayed initiation of the decomposition reaction
which may influence the system stability under certain operating conditions. The double-layer porous burner exhibits superior thermal storage capacity
enabling sustained catalytic activity. However
localized high-temperature zones within the porous matrix tend to promote the formation of NO. In contrast
the single-layer porous burner provides a more balanced thermal environment
achieving an optimal compromise between NOx suppression and efficient heat supply for ammonia decomposition
thus demonstrating the most favorable integrated performance. Further parametric analysis indicates that increasing the inlet ammonia velocity in the decomposition zone enhances convective heat transfer and strengthens the heatabsorption effect of the decomposition reaction. As a result
the combustion temperature is further reduced
leading to a more pronounced decrease in NO formation compared with the slight increase in N_2O. Consequently
the overall NOx emissions continue to decline with the increasing inlet ammonia velocity. Notably
even at a relatively high inlet ammonia velocity of 10 m/s
the ammonia decomposition rate remains above 90%
indicating robust catalytic performance under intensified flow conditions. [Conclusion] This work elucidates the thermal-chemical synergy mechanism underlying ammonia-hydrogen combustion-decomposition integration. It identifies the single-layer porous burner as the most suitable configuration for power-generation-side peak-load regulation scenarios. The findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and valuable engineering guidance for the integrated design of ammonia energy storage
hydrogen production
and ultra-low-NOx combustion systems.
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