从退役晶硅光伏电池片提取银和铝技术研究

李子菡; 刘展; 王洪亮; 刘向辉; 江清潘; 周凤翔; 刘明辉; 张弘锦; 赵晶; 杨春振; 何发泉

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202508071

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从退役晶硅光伏电池片提取银和铝技术研究

更新时间：2026-03-18

- 从退役晶硅光伏电池片提取银和铝技术研究
- Thermal Power Generation Vol. 55, Issue 1, Pages: 85-91(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  国能龙源环保有限公司
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202508071
  CLC： X705
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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[1]李子菡,刘展,王洪亮,等.从退役晶硅光伏电池片提取银和铝技术研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(01):85-91.
[1]李子菡,刘展,王洪亮,等.从退役晶硅光伏电池片提取银和铝技术研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(01):85-91. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508071.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202508071.

摘要

退役晶硅光伏电池资源化回收对于材料的循环和新能源绿色健康发展具有重要意义。目前，主流退役光伏组件回收企业多聚焦于铝边框回收技术，而晶硅电池片中高价值银和铝资源尚未实现有效回收。为此，提出了液碱浸铝-硝酸浸银-液相还原制备银粉湿法回收工艺。通过优化实验参数，在氢氧化钠浓度1.0 mol/L、温度20℃、液固比10:1(m L/g)、反应时间40 min条件下，退役晶硅光伏电池铝的浸出率达到98.88%，同时硅浸出损失率仅为0.46%；在硝酸浓度4.0 mol/L、温度70℃、液固比5:1(m L/g)、反应时间60 min条件下，银的浸出率达到98.00%。以抗坏血酸作为还原剂，在抗坏血酸与银离子摩尔比1.25:1.00、温度30℃、搅拌速度250 r/min的条件下成功制备了纯度99.9%以上的银粉。该工艺具有回收率高、产品纯度高等特点，为退役光伏组件中晶硅电池片的资源化利用提供了有效途径。

Abstract

The resource-recycling of retired crystalline-silicon photovoltaic cells is of great significance for the recycling of materials and the green and healthy development of renewable energy. Currently

most recyclers of decommissioned photovoltaic modules mainly focus on the recycling of aluminium frames

while aluminium resources in crystalline-silicon solar cells have not been effectively recycled

leaving valuable silver within the cells. Therefore

a wet-recycling process for preparing silver powder was proposed

which involves leaching aluminum with liquid alkali

leaching silver with nitric acid

and liquid-phase reduction. By optimizing the experimental parameters

under the conditions of a sodium-hydroxide concentration of 1.0 mol/L

a temperature of 20 ℃

a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1(mL/g)

and a reaction time of 40 min

the leaching rate of aluminum from the retired crystalline-silicon photovoltaic cells reached 98.88%

and the leaching-loss rate of silicon was only 0.46%. Under the conditions of a nitric-acid concentration of 4.0 mol/L

a temperature of 70 ℃

a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1(mL/g)

and a reaction time of 60 min

the leaching rate of silver reached 98.00%. Using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent

silver powder with a purity of over 99.9% was successfully prepared under the conditions of a molar ratio of ascorbic acid to silver ions of 1.25:1.00

a temperature of 30 ℃

and a stirring speed of 250 r/min. This process achieves high recovery rates and product purity

offering a practical pathway for crystalline silicon solar cell wafers recycling.

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