熔盐蒸发器换热特性研究

成汭珅; 范长哲; 鲁晓宇; 赵文沛; 白永岗; 周科; 杜勇博; 车得福

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202507039

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熔盐蒸发器换热特性研究

更新时间：2026-06-12

- 熔盐蒸发器换热特性研究
- Thermal Power Generation Vol. 55, Issue 4, Pages: 12-20(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安热工研究院有限公司
  2. 西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202507039
  CLC： TM621
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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[1]成汭珅,范长哲,鲁晓宇,等.熔盐蒸发器换热特性研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(04):12-20.
[1]成汭珅,范长哲,鲁晓宇,等.熔盐蒸发器换热特性研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(04):12-20. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507039.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202507039.

摘要

熔盐储热技术能够提升火电机组的灵活性，熔盐蒸发器利用熔盐的热能将锅炉给水加热成过热蒸汽，是整个系统的核心部件，然而，熔盐的特殊热物性与换热器的复杂结构导致已有传热关联式难以准确计算其换热特性。熔盐换热器的实验研究成本高昂，现有数值模拟方法难以实现单相熔盐侧与相变工质侧的耦合换热计算。在给定入口给水参数的条件下，通过设定沿程工质焓值分布，建立熔盐侧换热的数值模型，再根据模拟的热负荷分布计算出工质焓值变化，并与初始设定值对比修正。经过多次迭代，实现了对熔盐蒸汽换热器换热过程的准确计算，并以此方法研究了换热器的运行特性。研究结果表明：在工作压力2 MPa下，水由入口过冷态至完全汽化过程中，工质汽化速率逐渐提高，热负荷在水汽化完成处增大至86 295.12 W/m

后迅速下降，最后稳定至5 000 W/m

左右；熔盐在流动横截面上存在显著的温度不均匀性，热偏差最高达216%，随着入口熔盐温度降低，温度场的不均匀性有所缓解。

Abstract

Molten salt thermal energy storage technology can improve the flexibility of thermal power units. The molten salt evaporator

a core component of the system

utilizes the thermal energy of molten salt to convert boiler feedwater into superheated steam. However

the unique thermophysical properties of molten salt and the complex structure of the heat exchanger render existing heat transfer correlations inadequate for accurately predicting its thermal performance. Experimental studies on molten salt heat exchangers are costly

while existing numerical simulations cannot achieve coupled heat transfer calculations between the single-phase molten salt side and the phase-change working fluid side. In this study

with given feedwater inlet parameters

a numerical model for the mo

lten salt side heat transfer is established by assuming an initial enthalpy distribution along the flow path. The heat flux distribution obtained from the simulation is then used to calculate the enthalpy variation of the working fluid

which is iteratively compared and corrected against the initially assumed values. Through multiple iterations

an accurate computation of the heat transfer process in the molten salt steam generator is achieved

enabling a detailed investigation of its operational characteristics. The results indicate that at an operating pressure of 2 MPa

during the transition from subcooled water to complete vaporization

the vaporization rate gradually increases. The heat flux peaks at 86 295.12 W/m

upon complete vaporization

then decreases rapidly and eventually stabilizes around 5 000 W/m

. Significant temperature non-uniformity is observed across the flow cross-section of the molten salt

with a maximum thermal deviation of 216%. This temperature non-uniformity is alleviated as the inlet molten salt temperature decreases.

关键词

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