Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary

YANG Jian; SU Xiaoling; CHEN Laijun; ZHAO Zhengkui; YANG Jun

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169

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Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary

更新时间：2025-09-28

- Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary
- Thermal Power Generation Vol. 54, Issue 3, Pages: 1-11(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室
  2. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系
  3. 国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
  CLC： TM712
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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YANG Jian, SU Xiaoling, CHEN Laijun, et al. Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary[J]. Thermal power generation, 2025, 54(3): 1-11.
DOI：

YANG Jian, SU Xiaoling, CHEN Laijun, et al. Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary[J]. Thermal power generation, 2025, 54(3): 1-11. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169.

摘要

构网型储能是解决新能源大规模接入电网调频资源不足、抗扰动能力下降等问题的关键。受其固有的功率耦合特性影响，构网型换流器对系统的支撑能力受到极大限制，参数设置不合理极易出现功率超调、振荡甚至失稳等问题。对此，首先建立了构网型储能换流器并网系统全阶小信号模型，根据输出功率状态空间模型及其特征根，分析构网型储能换流器频率响应特性。在此基础上，通过状态空间矩阵参数灵敏度及参与因子分析，给出了构网型储能换流器稳定边界，明确了构网型储能换流器关键参数对其动态功率耦合、频率支撑等涉网特性的影响。仿真和半实物实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性，为构网型储能换流器并网参数设计及稳定运行提供了依据。

Abstract

Grid-forming energy storage system is expected to solve the problems like insufficient frequency modulation resources and disturbance resistance decline of large-scale new energy-based power grid. However

its active support ability is greatly limited due to its inherent power coupling characteristics

plus power overshoot

oscillation and even instability problems are most likely to occur with parameter variation. To solve this problem

a full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage system is developed

its frequency response characteristics are analyzed according to the output power state space model and its characteristic roots. On this basis

by analyzing the sensitivity and participation factors of the state space matrix parameters

the stable boundary of the grid-forming energy storage converter is given

and the influence of key parameters of the grid-forming energy storage converter on its dynamic power coupling

frequency support and other grid related characteristics is clarified. The simulation and semi physical experimental results have verified the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis

providing a basis for the design of grid connected parameters and stable operation of grid-forming energy storage converters.

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