The intermittency and volatility of renewable energy generation poses significant challenges to grid integration. A waste heat-coupled Carnot battery system

based on heat pumps and organic Rankine cycles

is considered a potential solution. However

the system's power-to-power efficiency is greatly affected by waste heat temperature. To address this issue

a novel high-efficiency Carnot battery system is proposed

utilizing vapor injection and regeneration technologies in the charging and discharging modules

respectively. A thermodynamic model is developed to investigate the cycle performance of the system under various operating conditions.Additionally

the energy consumption and economic viability of the system are analyzed in three representative cities: Guangzhou

Nanjing

and Harbin. The results indicate that

the power-to-power efficiency increases with higher heat source temperatures and lower ambient temperatures. Moreover

the new system features an optimal intermediate pressure during both the charging and discharging processes

maximizing efficiency. Compared with the conventional Carnot battery systems

the new system demonstrates a 21.8%

22.5%

and 23.6% increase in daily average power to power efficiency in Guangzhou

Nanjing

and Harbin

respectively. Furthermore

the annual net income increases by 45.6%

52.8%

and 50.2% in these cities

respectively. This study provides theoretical guidance for enhancing the efficiency of Carnot battery systems.