The two basic structures and working principles of open type heat source towers

as well as the technology of gas-liquid heat and mass exchange inside the tower are introduced. It systematically summarizes the structural components

antifreeze fluids

heat and mass transfer characteristics

and the current research status

with a focus on the research hotspots and major advancements in the development of antifreeze fluids and the heat and mass transfer processes of the open type heat source tower. Although the open type heat source tower technology still has disadvantages such as insufficient safety and environmental protection of antifreeze

corrosiveness and toxicity

unstable regeneration technology

and high energy consumption

it has a large heat exchange intensity

high heat recovery efficiency

simple structure

and low maintenance cost. It has broad application prospects in the field of building heating. In the future

open type heat source tower technology will develop towards a more efficient

stable

safe

environmentally friendly

energy-saving and low-carbon direction

and build a better green and low-carbon heating system.