Hybrid Operation of Grid-following and Grid-forming Renewable Energy Sources for Commutation Failure Suppression of LCC-HVDC

Jiali Kui; Jiabing Hu; Jianhang Zhu; Yingbiao Li; Tiezhu Wang; Shicong Ma; Jianbo Guo

doi:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.05340

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Hybrid Operation of Grid-following and Grid-forming Renewable Energy Sources for Commutation Failure Suppression of LCC-HVDC

Special Section Papers | 更新时间：2026-03-25

- Hybrid Operation of Grid-following and Grid-forming Renewable Energy Sources for Commutation Failure Suppression of LCC-HVDC
- CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Vol. 12, Issue 1, Pages: 31-43(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,SAR,China
  3. University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation,Shenzhen,China
  4. China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.05340
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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Jiali Kui, Jiabing Hu, Jianhang Zhu, et al. Hybrid Operation of Grid-following and Grid-forming Renewable Energy Sources for Commutation Failure Suppression of LCC-HVDC[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2026, 12(1): 31-43.
DOI：

Jiali Kui, Jiabing Hu, Jianhang Zhu, et al. Hybrid Operation of Grid-following and Grid-forming Renewable Energy Sources for Commutation Failure Suppression of LCC-HVDC[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2026, 12(1): 31-43. DOI： 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.05340.

摘要

Abstract

With the integration of large-scale renewable energy sources (RESs)

the line commutated converter (LCC) based high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) inverter side suffers from degraded grid strength and escalating commutation failure (CF) risks. In comparison with the widely used grid-following (GFL) RESs

grid-forming (GFM) RESs exhibit the favorable characteristics of voltage sources. Therefore

the hybrid operation of GFL-/GFM-RESs holds great potential in voltage support and may help CF suppression. This paper first analyzes the impacts of RESs on the first and subsequent CFs

respectively. It reveals that GFM-RESs alleviate the deterioration of grid voltage induced by GFL-RESs

thereby suppressing the first CF. However

current fault ride-through controls of RESs cannot fulfill the reactive power dynamic demand during the CF recovery process and rarely help mitigate subsequent CFs. Moreover

the limited overcurrent capability of GFM-RES hinders its ability to ride through CF. Based on the mechanism analysis

a CF suppression strategy based on the hybrid GFL/GFM operation is proposed. The proposed strategy optimized the controls of RESs to fulfill reactive power dynamics and offer voltage support during the CF process. Case studies are undertaken on the studied system and the CIGRE benchmark

respectively. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for suppressing CF.

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