Analytical Stability Criterion and Parameter Tuning of Limited Grid-forming Photovoltaic with DC Voltage Protection

Aolin Jian; Zhen Huang; Lei Chen; Yong Min; Kaiyuan Hou; Yi Shen; Feng Guo; Han Yue

doi:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.01390

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Analytical Stability Criterion and Parameter Tuning of Limited Grid-forming Photovoltaic with DC Voltage Protection

Special Section Papers | 更新时间：2026-03-25

- Analytical Stability Criterion and Parameter Tuning of Limited Grid-forming Photovoltaic with DC Voltage Protection
- CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Vol. 12, Issue 1, Pages: 16-30(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China
  2. Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China,Shenyang,China
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.01390
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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Aolin Jian, Zhen Huang, Lei Chen, et al. Analytical Stability Criterion and Parameter Tuning of Limited Grid-forming Photovoltaic with DC Voltage Protection[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2026, 12(1): 16-30.
DOI：

Aolin Jian, Zhen Huang, Lei Chen, et al. Analytical Stability Criterion and Parameter Tuning of Limited Grid-forming Photovoltaic with DC Voltage Protection[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2026, 12(1): 16-30. DOI： 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.01390.

摘要

Abstract

Grid-forming (GFM) control is a key technique for power systems with high penetration of converter-interfaced generation. However

its application to photovoltaic (PV) systems faces challenges related to DC voltage transient stability. This paper investigates a common countermeasure involving a PI-based DC voltage controller for GFM-PV systems

revealing that their small-signal stability is sensitive to parameter tuning. The study develops a generalized DC voltage-dominated 2<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd-order GFM model and successfully conducts complex torque analysis

showing that this approach can be effectively extended to other dynamics governed by DC voltage-dominated GFM systems. Subsequently

the paper establishes a stability criterion for GFM-PV systems and proposes a parameter tuning method for DC voltage controllers that incorporates damping margin considerations. The performance of the tuned single-machine-infinite-bus GFM-PV system is validated on the RT-LAB real-time simulation platform under scenarios involving solar irradiance fluctuations and grid frequency disturbances. The proposed method proves effective in ensuring the stability of the GFM-PV system

with robust theoretical support.

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