In order to cope with the global environmental crisis caused by energy generation and achieve carbon neutrality

it is imperative to promote a new power system dominated by renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper focuses on the uncertainty of RESs and the distribution characteristics of carbon emission flows (CEFs)

and studies the low-carbon operation and power system planning problem. Firstly

this paper extends the uncertainty of RES to the meteorological field and establishes meteorological robust constraints of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Based on the CEF theory

the carbon transmission trajectory is accurately delineated to improve the operation of power system. Considering further constraints from the power flow

CEF

and component operation characteristics of the active distribution network (ADN)

this paper formulates a low-carbon joint planning model of ADN with PV

battery energy storage system (BESS)

and distributed gas generator (DGG)

taking into account economy and carbon reduction. In the case study

the low-carbon planning and operation scheme are analyzed in detail across multiple dimensions including time and space. The solution results show that the planning model can effectively leverage the low-carbon performance of PV and BESS

and improve the distribution of CEF. Through case comparison

the model can also efficiently reduce the total cost of the system and enhance carbon emission reduction benefits by 35.10 to 41.04%.