This paper addresses the planning problem of parallel DC electric springs (DCESs). DCES

a demand-side management method

realizes automatic matching of power consumption and power generation by adjusting non-critical load (NCL) and internal storage. It can offer higher power quality to critical load (CL)

reduce power imbalance and relieve pressure on energy storage systems (RESs). In this paper

a planning method for parallel DCESs is proposed to maximize stability gain

economic benefits

and penetration of RESs. The planning model is a master optimization with sub-optimization to highlight the priority of objectives. Master optimization is used to improve stability of the network

and sub-optimization aims to improve economic benefit and allowable penetration of RESs. This issue is a multivariable nonlinear mixed integer problem

requiring huge calculations by using common solvers. Therefore

particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) were used to solve this model. Considering uncertainty of RESs

this paper verifies effectiveness of the proposed planning method on IEEE 33-bus system based on deterministic scenarios obtained by scenario analysis.