In naval direct current (DC) microgrids

pulsed power loads (PPLs) are becoming more prominent. A solar system

an energy storage system

and a pulse load coupled directly to the DC bus compose a DC microgrid in this study. For DC microgrids equipped with sonar

radar

and other sensors

pulse load research is crucial. Due to high pulse loads

there is a possibility of severe power pulsation and voltage loss. The original contribution of this paper is that we are able to address the nonlinear problem by applying the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) model formulation for naval DC microgrids. Additionally

we provide a nonlinear power observer for estimating major disturbances affecting DC microgrids. To demonstrate the TS-potential

we examine three approaches for mitigating their negative effects: instantaneous power control (IPC) control

model predictive control (MPC) formulation

and TS-MPC approach with compensated PPLs. The results reveal that the TS-MPC approach with adjusted PPLs effectively shares power and regulates bus voltage under a variety of load conditions

while greatly decreasing detrimental impacts of the pulse load. Additionally

the comparison confirmed the efficiency of this technique.