Power Synchronization of Smart Transformers Allowing Universal Operation in Radial and Meshed Grids

Zhixiang Zou; Xingqi Liu; Jian Tang; Giovanni De Carne; Marco Liserre; Zheng Wang; Ming Cheng

doi:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.02350

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Power Synchronization of Smart Transformers Allowing Universal Operation in Radial and Meshed Grids

Regular Papers | 更新时间：2026-10-15

- Power Synchronization of Smart Transformers Allowing Universal Operation in Radial and Meshed Grids
- CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Vol. 11, Issue 3, Pages: 1226-1235(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China
  2. Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany
  3. Chair of Power Electronics, Kiel University,Kiel,Germany
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.02350
  CLC：
- Published：01 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
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Zhixiang Zou, Xingqi Liu, Jian Tang, et al. Power Synchronization of Smart Transformers Allowing Universal Operation in Radial and Meshed Grids[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(3): 1226-1235.
DOI：

Zhixiang Zou, Xingqi Liu, Jian Tang, et al. Power Synchronization of Smart Transformers Allowing Universal Operation in Radial and Meshed Grids[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(3): 1226-1235. DOI： 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.02350.

摘要

Abstract

The Smart Transformer (ST) is a solid-state transformer with control and communication functionalities

interfacing medium voltage and low voltage grids. The ST can independently operate in a radial network configuration

and also in a meshed grid operation. The meshed operation has high potential to optimize the power flow in the network

avoiding or postponing the reinforcement of distribution grids. Nevertheless

the control and synchronization during the meshed operation are not trivial. The perturbation of the voltage in transition between the two operations is inevitable. This could lead to uncontrolled power flow and endanger the meshed operation. Moreover

the stability of the meshed grid has seldom been studied. To address these issues

this paper proposes a voltage control with power-based synchronization for the ST. This allows the universal operation of both radial and meshed grids

while ensuring smooth transition. Modeling and stability analysis of such a system are investigated to make sure of safe operation. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control and theoretical analysis.

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references

3. LV ENGINE [Online] . Available: https://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/pages/lv_engine.aspx.

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