Real-time simulation of large-scale wind farms with detailed modeling can provide accurate insights into system transient behaviors

but entails challenges in computing resources. This paper develops a compact real-time simulator based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) for large-scale wind farms

in which the spatial-temporal parallel design method is proposed to address the huge computation resource demand associated with detailed modeling. The wind farm is decoupled into several subsystems based on model consistency

and the electrical system and control system of each subsystem are solved in parallel. Both the module-level pipeline technique and superscalar pipeline technique are introduced to the wind farms' simulation to effectively improve the utilization of hardware resources. In case studies

real-time simulations of two modified wind farms are separately carried out on a single FPGA

including one with 13 permanent magnet synchronous generators under a time-step of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$11 \ \mu\mathrm{s}$

and the other with 30 squirrel-cage induction generators under a time-step of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$8 \ \mu\mathrm{s}$. Simulation tests

under different scenarios

are implemented to validate the numerical performance of the real-time simulator

and a comparison with the commercial tool PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed design.