A Review of Monitoring and Early Warning Technologies for Multi-Resource Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Yang Peihao; Gao Yongfeng; Cao Zhihua; Zhang Yanjun; Jin Sen; Song Zhengxiang; Wang Kang; Xiong Liansong; Gong Xiaoxu; Wang Jiewen; Wang Feng; Dai Haipeng; Zhang Yidan; Zeng Qian

doi:10.16516/j.ceec.2026-107

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A Review of Monitoring and Early Warning Technologies for Multi-Resource Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

更新时间：2026-10-14

- A Review of Monitoring and Early Warning Technologies for Multi-Resource Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
- Southern Energy Construction Vol. 13, Issue 4, Pages: 17-32(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西,西安,710054
  2. 高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京,102209
  3. 西安交通大学电气工程学院,陕西,西安,710048
  4. 北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古,呼和浩特,010020
  5. 中国华能集团有限公司福建分公司,福建,福州,350007
  6. 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力调度控制中心,辽宁,沈阳,110006
  7. 中国华能集团有限公司, 河北雄安新区,071000
  8. 国网陕西省电力有限公司电力调度控制中心,陕西,西安,710018
  9. 清华四川能源互联网研究院,四川,成都,610213
  10. 华能罗源发电有限责任公司,福建,福州,350600
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16516/j.ceec.2026-107
  CLC： TM7;TM715
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨沛豪, 高永峰, 曹志华, 等. 多元混合储能系统监测与预警技术综述[J]. 南方能源建设, 2026, 13(4): 17-32.

.
杨沛豪, 高永峰, 曹志华, 等. 多元混合储能系统监测与预警技术综述[J]. 南方能源建设, 2026, 13(4): 17-32. DOI： 10.16516/j.ceec.2026-107.

. DOI： 10.16516/j.ceec.2026-107.

摘要

目的

多元混合储能系统（Hybrid Energy Storage System，HESS）中异构储能单元在响应特性、退化机理与能量管理策略上的差异，使系统呈现强耦合、多时间尺度与跨层级动态交互特征，传统储能监测预警方法难以满足复杂运行场景下的安全感知需求。针对上述问题，文章围绕HESS安全监测与预警关键技术开展系统综述，旨在为多元储能系统安全运行与智能运维提供参考。

方法

从拓扑结构、单元特性与应用场景三个维度入手，首先对比分析了被动式、半主动式与全主动式拓扑的工程适配性；进而梳理了常规电气监测与专用传感技术（电化学阻抗谱、光纤布拉格光栅、声发射）的现状，剖析了多物理场耦合感知、状态解耦与可观测性、多时间尺度数据同步等关键技术挑战；最后对比了物理机理、数据驱动及混合驱动三类预警方法的性能差异与适用边界。

结果

研究表明，全主动式拓扑在状态感知精度与能量调控能力方面具有明显优势，但其系统成本与控制复杂度较高；相比之下，半主动式拓扑因兼顾经济性、灵活性与可扩展性，已成为当前工程应用中的主流方案。与此同时，多源异构数据融合与复杂耦合状态解耦仍是制约HESS安全预警精度与泛化能力的关键瓶颈。现有示范工程表明，融合机理模型与智能诊断算法的多级安全预警体系已具备分钟级超前预警能力，并显著提升了系统故障识别与运维决策水平。

结论

最后，结合当前技术发展趋势，文章认为未来HESS监测预警体系将向标准化感知、异构设备互联互通、人工智能辅助决策以及全生命周期数字孪生方向发展，从而推动多元混合储能系统安全监测由“被动告警”向“主动预测与智能管控”演进。

Abstract

Objective

In Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS)

the differences among heterogeneous storage units in response characteristics

degradation mechanisms

and energy management strategies lead to strong coupling

multi-timescale interactions

and cross-hierar

chical dynamic behaviors. Traditional monitoring and early-warning methods for conventional energy storage systems are therefore insufficient to satisfy the safety perception requirements under complex operating conditions. To address these challenges

this paper presents a systematic review of key technologies for HESS safety monitoring and early warning

aiming to provide references for the safe operation and intelligent maintenance of multi-energy storage systems.

Method

Specifically

this study investigated HESS from the perspectives of topology

storage unit characteristics

and application scenarios. First

the engineering adaptability of passive

semi-active

and fully active topologies was comparatively analyzed. Subsequently

the development status of conventional electrical monitoring and specialized sensing technologies—including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

fiber Bragg grating (FBG)

and acoustic emission (AE)—was reviewed. Key technical challenges such as multi-physics coupling perception

state decoupling and observability

and multi-timescale data synchronization were further discussed. Finally

the performance differences and application boundaries of physics-based

data-driven

and hybrid-driven early-warning methods were comparatively analyzed.

Result

The results indicate that fully active topologies exhibit superior state perception accuracy and energy regulation capability

while suffering from higher system cost and control complexity. In contrast

semi-active topologies have become the mainstream engineering solution due to their balanced performance in terms of economy

flexibility

and scalability. Meanwhile

multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and complex coupled-state decoupling remain critical bottlenecks restricting the accuracy and generalization capability of HESS safety early-warning systems. Existing demonstration projects show that multi-level safety early-warning frameworks integrating physics-based models and intelligent diagnostic a

lgorithms have achieved minute-level early warning capabilities and significantly improved fault identification and operation-maintenance decision-making performance.

Conclusion

Considering current technological trends

future HESS monitoring and early-warning systems are expected to evolve toward standardized sensing

heterogeneous device interoperability

artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making

and full-lifecycle digital twins

thereby promoting the transition of energy storage safety management from "passive alarm" to "proactive prediction and intelligent control".

关键词

Keywords

references

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