Control Strategy and Application of Distributed Grid-Forming Energy Storage Systems Based on Engineering Practice

XUE Chen; LIU Hainan; YUAN Zhixue; LI Yijuan; LI Xiaozhi

doi:10.16516/j.ceec.2026-059

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Control Strategy and Application of Distributed Grid-Forming Energy Storage Systems Based on Engineering Practice

更新时间：2026-10-14

- Control Strategy and Application of Distributed Grid-Forming Energy Storage Systems Based on Engineering Practice
- Southern Energy Construction Vol. 13, Issue 4, Pages: 142-153(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 广东天汇储能科技有限公司,广东,广州,510663
  2. 广东华电储能有限公司,广东,汕尾,516532
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16516/j.ceec.2026-059
  CLC： TM7;TM715
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
薛晨, 刘海南, 苑志学, 等. 基于工程实践的分布式构网型储能系统控制策略与应用[J]. 南方能源建设, 2026, 13(4): 142-153.

.
薛晨, 刘海南, 苑志学, 等. 基于工程实践的分布式构网型储能系统控制策略与应用[J]. 南方能源建设, 2026, 13(4): 142-153. DOI： 10.16516/j.ceec.2026-059.

. DOI： 10.16516/j.ceec.2026-059.

摘要

目的

针对当前分布式构网型储能系统在项目实践中普遍存在的通信交互复杂、设备改造量大、投资成本高等问题，研究并提出一种适用于地理范围大、负荷对可靠性要求不严苛场景下的低成本、易实施的分布式构网型储能系统应用方案与控制策略。

方法

首先介绍了主流构网型控制技术下垂控制和虚拟同步机技术的基本原理，并介绍了工程实际中需要用到的虚拟阻抗和预同步技术。随后，从设备单体配置和系统整体控制两个维度出发，探讨了设备选点评估办法、构网型储能系统接入对原有线路保护的影响、虚拟阻抗配置以及黑启动等问题。

结果

由此提出了额外接入低压进线断路器“三遥”信号的方案，最大化利用现有设备；设计“一大带多小”方案，减少系统对上级控制器调节的依赖，降低系统复杂度并减少新增设备量；针对黑启动过程中的辅助设备供电真空期、变压器励磁涌流、容性负荷冲击等关键问题，设计了先带辅助设备启动、带变压器软起以及主动降压合闸躲避容性负荷冲击等优化策略。并结合工程实践验证了该方案的有效性。

结论

该方案对原有电网改造需求低，降低了设备间的耦合程度，在保证新能源消纳和备用电源可靠性的前提下，显著提升了工程应用的可行性，为构网型储能系统的推广提供了技术参考。

Abstract

Objective

To address the common challenges in current project practices of distributed grid-forming energy storage systems

such as complex communication interactions

extensive equipment retrofitting

and high investment costs

this paper proposes a low-cost

easy-to-implement application scheme and control strategy for distributed grid-forming energy storage systems suitable for scenarios with large geo

graphical coverage and less stringent load reliability requirements.

Method

First

the basic principles of mainstream grid-forming control technologies

namely droop control and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology

were introduced

along with the virtual impedance and pre-synchronization techniques required in practical engineering. Subsequently

from the perspectives of individual equipment configuration and overall system control

this study investigated equipment site selection and evaluation methods

the impact of grid-forming energy storage system integration on existing line protection

virtual impedance configuration

and black start issues.

Result

Based on this

the study proposes a scheme to access the "three-remote" (tele-signaling

tele-metering

and tele-control) signals of low-voltage incoming line circuit breakers to maximize the utilization of existing equipment. A "master-slave" ("one-large-supporting-multiple-small") scheme is designed to reduce the system's dependence on the regulation of the upper-level controller

thereby lowering system complexity and minimizing the need for new hardware. To address key issues during the black start process

such as the auxiliary power supply gap

transformer inrush current

and capacitive inrush currents

optimization strategies are devised

including sequencing the auxiliary equipment startup

transformer soft start

and active voltage reduction during closing to mitigate capacitive inrush impacts. The effectiveness of this scheme is demonstrated through engineering application.

Conclusion

This scheme requires minimal grid retrofitting

reduces the coupling degree among equipment

and significantly enhances the feasibility of engineering applications while ensuring renewable energy integration and backup power reliability. It provides a valuable technical reference for the deployment of grid-forming energy storage systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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