Laboratory testing has become the most direct and accurate method for determining the mechanical properties of rocks. The mineral-rock multiscale analysis technology

using digital core modeling and discrete element simulation

reveals the regulatory mechanism of microscopic mineral mechanical parameters on macroscopic engineering responses

providing a theoretical tool for the assessment and prevention of geological disasters. Nanoindentation is an important technique for studying micromechanics

and current nanoindentation studies on rocks focus mainly on shale and granite; few studies address basalt

gneiss

schist

slate

or other rocks

and little is known about whether the same rock-forming mineral exhibits different micromechanical properties across rocks. In this study

the compositions

contents

apparent morphology and micromechanical properties of the main rock-forming minerals in ten categories of rocks are obtained by means of powder X-ray diffraction test

optical microscope surface observation

electron probe test and nanoindentation test

and the suitable peak loads of different rock-forming minerals for nanoindentation test are selected experimentally. A large body of literature on nanoindentation is compiled to compare the micromechanical properties of the same mineral across rocks and to reveal underlying causes. The indentation results indicate a significant linear relationship between fracture toughness and the elastic modulus; the relationship with hardness is not statistically significant. The appropriate peak load for quartz

potassium feldspar and plagioclase is 7 mN

that for mica is 3 mN

and that for calcite and dolomite is 4 mN. Nanoindentation curves differ substantially among minerals. Quartz data show the least dispersion

followed by potassium feldspar; plagioclase

dolomite

and calcite exhibit moderate dispersion. Compared with published studies

the granite data show strong concordance; for other rocks

the results can guide the selection of nanoindentation parameters. This further provides a basis for parametric modeling of rocks from the perspective of micro-mechanical properties

which is of great significance for studying the micro-macro mechanical behavior of rocks. In addition

in combination with environmental geology and sustainable development needs

multi-scale analysis technology can reveal the mechanical response mechanism of minerals and rocks in complex environments

further expanding its application prospects in the development of new energy materials and ecological restoration engineering.