Cement-based 3D printing technology is increasingly popularized in civil construction and rock-like physical simulation

yet its cement-based 3D printing materials not only is limited by the challenges in quality control such as liquidity

shrinkage

and processability

but also is lack in basic formula in concrete material. This paper firstly establishes a set of assessing system based on six indexes and corresponding quality classification method considering the whole process of solid model forming for cement-based 3D printing

including fluidity

extrusion

setting time

buildability

compactness and deformation rate. The quality evaluation of the 3D printing solid model is realized in three aspects: printing process

stacking process

and solid accuracy. Then

through the two-stage orthogonal design and printing test with different threshold ranges

the basic mix ratio of cement-based 3D printing materials

which is ideal in comprehensive printing performance

is obtained. Finally

the uniaxial compression test is carried out for the printed cement-based 3D solid model and its rock-like mechanical properties are evaluated

which can provide a new type of rock-like cement-based 3D printing material. The specific mix ratios lay the foundation for the civil construction and physical simulation test of rock engineering based on cement-based materials.