Rahul Wilson Kotla, Srinivasa Rao Yarlagadda, T.S.N.G. Sarada Devi. Resilient adversarial-evolutionary multi-agent intelligence for real-time EV charging and energy trading in renewable-integrated smart grids[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2026, 9(3).
DOI:
Rahul Wilson Kotla, Srinivasa Rao Yarlagadda, T.S.N.G. Sarada Devi. Resilient adversarial-evolutionary multi-agent intelligence for real-time EV charging and energy trading in renewable-integrated smart grids[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2026, 9(3).DOI: 10.14171/j.2096-5117.gei.2026.03.009.
Resilient adversarial-evolutionary multi-agent intelligence for real-time EV charging and energy trading in renewable-integrated smart grids
The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy resources introduces new operational stresses in modern power networks such as peak-load surges
voltage fluctuations
and quality degradation. This work presents a hybrid intelligence-based multiagent framework that combines Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (ARL) with Dynamic Grey Wolf Optimization (DGWO) to coordinate EV charging
renewable usage
and energy trading. Each entity—EVs
charging stations
renewable units
and the grid operator—acts as an adaptive agent capable of self-learning and cooperative decision-making under uncertainty. The ARL component strengthens learning under variable demand
while DGWO continuously refines control parameters to ensure fast and stable convergence.Simulation studies on a renewable-supported microgrid show a 21%reduction in peak demand
18%higher renewable energy utilization
22%less EV waiting time
and 15%greater profitability than conventional GA
PSO
GWO
and RL methods.Voltage deviation stayed within±3%
power factor exceeded 0.97
and THD remained below 4%
meeting IEEE 519/1547 standards. These results confirm that the proposed ARL-DGWO framework offers a scalable and reliable solution for next-generation EV-grid coordination.