A volume function multiphase flow model of incompressible fluid was used to simulate the flow and cavitation characteristics of an injector throughout its life cycle

thus learning the key areas that produce nozzle cavitation

and the main structural parameters that affect cavitation effect

and further analyzing the influence of these parameters on flow and cavitation characteristics. Results show that when the needle lift is small

there is obvious cavitation at the cone transition zone of needle valve and the lower edge of nozzle orifice. As the needle lift increases

cavitation is concentrated around the nozzle orifice

starting from the rounding point and gradually extending downstream. Enlarging the included angle of the cone transition zone of needle valve would increase the cavitation at the cone transition zone of needle valve and the front of the lower edge of nozzle orifice

which makes the cavitation more serious coupled with the reduction of fuel flow. In general

increasing the rounding radius of needle valve seat and the taper coefficient of orifice diameter could effectively improve the local cavitation of nozzle orifice.