The 15th Five-Year Plan period marks a critical phase for advancing the river and lake chief system. Based on a comprehensive review of the achievements made in Anhui Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period

this paper identifies both emerging opportunities and pressing challenges for further development. Considering the province's practical experience

5 key issues are analyzed including the underutilization of the institutional advantages

insufficient coordination in integrated governance

persistent historical problems

weak links in grassroots management and protection

and limited public awareness and recognition.To address these challenges

the paper outlines a targeted development strategy for the 15th Five-Year Plan period

focusing on 6 aspects including empowering governance through rule of law

improving institutional mechanisms

strengthening foundational capacity

enhancing coordination

fostering regional characteristics

and upholding innovation while preserving core principles. These recommendations aim to promote high-quality water governance and provide robust support for the construction of a modern and beautiful Anhui.