
1. 国网甘肃省电力公司
2. 国家电网有限公司
3. 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司
Published:2026
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冯杨州, 聂琼, 徐金, et al. 高海拔地区工程施工技术与装备开发研究[J]. Electric Power Survey, 2026, (5).
冯杨州, 聂琼, 徐金, et al. 高海拔地区工程施工技术与装备开发研究[J]. Electric Power Survey, 2026, (5). DOI: 10.13500/j.dlkcsj.issn1671-9913.2026.05.008.
高海拔地区工程施工长期受困于燃油装备功率衰减、人员作业效能下降、生态环保压力增大等系统性难题。在“双碳”目标与新型电力系统建设双重驱动下,施工装备电气化转型为解决上述困境提供了全新路径。本文系统剖析高海拔环境下传统施工模式的核心痛点:内燃机功率衰减最高达40%、液压系统效能折损、人员劳动效率下降50%以上、生态敏感区环保准入壁垒日益严格。研究论证电动装备在高海拔环境的天然优势:电机功率输出不受稀薄空气影响,可实现3 000 m海拔功率“零衰减”;电驱系统结构简单、故障点少,极端低温环境下可靠性更高;零排放特性高度适配生态保护要求。在此基础上,提出“动力-热管理协同设计、能源补给模式创新、作业流程适应性重构”三位一体系统优化方案,构建覆盖勘测运输、基础施工、组塔架线、营地保障的全链条电动装备体系。研究同时将人员保障纳入技术体系,提出以清洁电能为核心的“供氧-供暖-供电-医疗”一体化营地保障方案。研究表明,高海拔施工电气化转型绝非简单的“油改电”,而是以电能替代为牵引,推动施工组织、能源结构、安全范式与生态模式的系统性重构,正在形成“动力无损、能源自持、作业智能、保障有力”的高原施工新范式。
Engineering construction in high-altitude areas has long been plagued by systemic problems such as power attenuation of fuel equipment
decreased labor efficiency of personnel
and increased pressure on ecological and environmental protection.Under the dual drive of the“dual carbon”goals and the construction of a new power system
the electrification transformation of construction equipment provides a brand-new path to solve the above-mentioned predicament.This article systematically analyzes the core pain points of traditional construction models in high-altitude environments:the power attenuation of internal combustion engines can reach up to 40%
the efficiency of hydraulic systems is reduced
the labor efficiency of personnel drops by more than 50%
and the environmental protection access barriers in ecologically sensitive areas are becoming increasingly strict.The research demonstrates the natural advantages of electric equipment in high-altitude environments-the motor power output is not affected by thin air
and it can achieve“zero power attenuation”at an altitude of 3 000 meters.The electric drive system has a simple structure
few failure points
and higher reliability in extremely low-temperature environments.The zero-emission feature is highly compatible with ecological protection requirements.Based on this
a three-in-one system optimization plan of“power-thermal management collaborative design
energy supply mode innovation
and adaptive reconstruction of operation processes”is proposed to build a full-chain electric equipment system covering surveying and transportation
foundation construction
tower erection and line setting
and camp support.The research also incorporates personnel support into the technical system and proposes an integrated camp support plan centered on clean electricity
namely“oxygen supply-heating-power supply-medical care”.Research shows that the electrification transformation of high-altitude construction is by no means a simple“oil-based to electric”change.Instead
it is driven by the substitution of electric energy
promoting a systematic reconstruction of construction organization
energy structure
safety paradigms and ecological models.A new paradigm of high-altitude construction featuring“undamaged power
self-sustaining energy
intelligent operation and strong support”is taking shape.
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