According to domestic and international technical standards
grid-forming converters (GFMCs) are required to withstand grid voltage phase angle jumps. However
such disturbances may lead to transient synchronization instability. This paper investigates the transient synchronization stability of multi-parallel grid-forming converters under phase angle jump. First
a synchronization dynamic model is established by drawing analogy with the classical rotor swing equation. Then
to enable quantitative stability assessment
a hybrid method combining numerical integration and the equal area criterion is proposed. By calculating the acceleration and deceleration areas with numerical integration
the proposed method fully considers the effects of damping and the interactions among multiple converters
thus enabling high-accuracy transient synchronization stability assessment with clear physical interpretation. Based on this method
the power feasible region that ensures transient synchronization stability under phase angle jump is further characterized. The influence of active and reactive power control parameters on the power feasible region is also quantitatively analyzed. Finally
the RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.