With the development of industrial

military

and scientific fields

the demands for high-power short-duration discharges are growing rapidly. Capacitive pulse power supplies have been widely applied in scenarios such as electromagnetic launch

particle acceleration

and laser driving. Focusing on the key components and system integration technologies of such power systems

we first compare the main types

operating mechanisms

and performance characteristics of spark-gap switches and semiconductor switches

and identify high-performance semiconductor switches as key components to play a pivotal role in future development. Subsequently

recent progress in pulse capacitors is reviewed

including self-healing properties

contact degradation

electrode design

and dielectric materials

while it is noted that the coordinated improvement of key performance metrics remains a significant challenge. Finally

research directions in power supply system integration are analyzed

encompassing miniaturization and lightweight design

high repetition rate capability

energy transfer efficiency

and high-precision control for electromagnetic launch. A comparative analysis of current technological capabilities is provided

and future development trends are discussed.