Extreme natural disasters such as typhoons can cause severe damages to distribution networks

posing significant challenges to power supply. With the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry and the increasingly close connection between charging/discharging network operators and EV users

operators can guide EVs that would not be able to directly interact with the grid to participate in emergency power supply

thereby addressing power shortages. This paper proposes a distributed vehicle-grid collaborative emergency power supply strategy under the “Vehicle-operator-grid” framework. First

by considering the interaction mechanisms among EV users

operators

and the grid

a three-layer “Vehicle-operator-grid” framework is established. Second

in this framework

a pre-disaster EV deployment model for operators is constructed considering EV travel patterns. And an emergency power supply response model for EVs is constructed based on the emergency power supply mode and the psychological characteristics of different EV user groups. After disasters

the operational constraints of the distribution network

topological constraints

and constraints on EV participation in emergency power supply are taken into consideration

and a vehicle-grid collaborative emergency power supply model is constructed. Then

considering the independence and data privacy between the grid and operators

we use the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to decouple the vehicle-grid collaborative emergency power supply model and construct a distributed optimization model for the grid and operators. An improved ADMM algorithm is also proposed to address convergence difficulties caused by binary variables. Finally

case studies demonstrate that the proposed method enables multiple operators to guide EVs in coordinated emergency power supply with the distribution network while preserving the autonomy of all parties

thereby enhancing the resilience of the distribution network.