The modular multi-level converter (MMC)

under traditional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control

effectively suppresses transient oscillations caused by power disturbances

grid frequency fluctuations

and power flow reversals. However

challenges such as power overshoot and steady-state deviation remain

making it difficult for the system to balance the steady-state and transient performance

ultimately affecting stability and response accuracy. This paper proposes a VSG control strategy (AVSG) based on active power transient feedback compensation (active power transient feedback compensation

AFC)

which uses the compensation term of active power transient feedback to replace the damping coefficient to solve the above problems. Initially

a traditional VSG grid-connected active power closed-loop small-signal model is established by employing the electrical equivalent relationship between MMC and synchronous generator (SG). Subsequently

the influences of damping coefficient and virtual inertia on the system's dynamic performance are analyzed. Then

a VSG grid-connected active power closed-loop small-signal model is constructed by incorporating the AFC algorithm. The model efficacy in suppressing system transient oscillations and mitigating active power steady-state deviations is analyzed by the Bode diagram. Furthermore

the study provides a method for tuning the relevant parameters. Finally

an MMC grid-connected model based on AFC-VSG control is built on the Matlab/Simulink and StarSim hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can be adopted to effectively mitigate power overshoot and rapidly supply frequency support in response to abrupt power variations of MMC and power grid frequency drop. Concurrently

the method exhibits enhanced tracking performance during power flow reversals

and significantly restrains system current and power oscillations

thus improving the system's dynamic response ability and operation stability.