Grid-forming technology can make power electronic equipment have the characteristics of voltage source. It is one of the effective measures to construct new-type power system safely and efficiently and support the stable operation of the system. Firstly

this paper analyzes the key factors that cause the variation of node voltage and frequency characteristics

node impedance characteristics and system frequency characteristics

the supporting requirements and the realization ways to mitigate various threats of security and stability operation are clarified

and the two-stage development process of the grid-forming technology is summarized

and the connotation and characteristics of the technology are put forward

and this paper analyzes the performance difference between grid-forming controlled power electronic equipment and synchronous rotating machine. The practical application situation of grid-forming technology and domestic and foreign standards and specifications have been classified and sorted out

and the relevant problems currently faced by this technology are pointed out. In order to promote the development of grid-forming technology

the further research on equipment and system is prospected.