As the penetration of renewable energy in power grids continues to increase

power fluctuation characteristics that were less prominent in conventional power systems are becoming increasingly evident

including more random

intermittent

and continuous power fluctuations. Therefore

the regulation capability of load-side central air conditioning (CAC) systems needs to be exploited to accommodate these fluctuations. Conventional regulation capability assessment methods based on a 15-min time interval are inadequate for this purpose. To meet the requirements of low-carbon operation and high thermal comfort

this paper proposes a multi-dimensional regulation capability assessment model for CAC considering carbon emissions and apparent temperature. First

an operating model based on apparent temperature is developed to correct the operating characteristics of CAC and obtain a more accurate operating schedule. Then

a CAC operating model considering carbon emissions is established to quantify its regulation capability under low-carbon operating conditions. On this basis

assessment models for the fast

sustained

and residual regulation capabilities of CAC loads are developed to cope with the increasingly prominent random

intermittent

and continuous power fluctuations in new power systems

respectively. Finally

simulations based on actual CAC load data from buildings are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.