GE Junxiong, CAI Guowei, LIU Chuang, et al. A Reconstruction Method for Virtual Power Plant Load Data Based on Federated Learning and Multimodal BERT[J]. 2026, 46(16): 5725-5738.
DOI:
GE Junxiong, CAI Guowei, LIU Chuang, et al. A Reconstruction Method for Virtual Power Plant Load Data Based on Federated Learning and Multimodal BERT[J]. 2026, 46(16): 5725-5738.DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.251769.
A Reconstruction Method for Virtual Power Plant Load Data Based on Federated Learning and Multimodal BERT
“双高”背景下,虚拟电厂等新型调度高级应用技术愈发依赖基础数据的准确性和完整性。目前,数据缺失重构方法在高缺失比例和强不确定性下的精度有待提升,且隐私保护亟需进一步考虑。该文提出基于联邦学习与多模态双向编码器表示的Transformer模型(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers,BERT)的虚拟电厂负荷数据隐私保护重构方法。针对虚拟电厂负荷侧数据多源性、高波动性、噪声和不确定性特点,结合电价数据捕捉负荷数据中的复杂模式和长期依赖关系。首先,构建基于联邦学习的边缘-集中隐私保护架构训练组合模型,通过双向编码机制使其能够同时利用上下文信息对缺失数据进行准确重构;其次,提出考虑电价和负荷电力数据时序和物理特征的高耦合关联多模态特征输入方法,构建BERT双向模型以提高输入数据的维度和提取速度,提高重构精度和效率;最后,捕获负荷有功和无功数据更完善的信息特征,基于“叉点”识别选择最佳数值点,利用跨模态学习能力提升重构精度。算例仿真表明,基于联邦学习与多模态BERT的负荷数据重构方法(federated learning and multimodal BERT based proportional integrated number,FLN-BERT-PIN)提高了负荷数据缺失重构的准确性和鲁棒性,不仅提升了虚拟电厂负荷数据的治理水平,也为智能调度、电力市场交易及未来电力系统的数据隐私保护提供了可行的技术路径。
Abstract
With the increasingly prominent role of virtual power plant technology under the background of “double high”
new advanced scheduling applications increasingly rely on the accuracy and integrity of basic data. In this paper
we propose a privacy-preserving reconstruction method for virtual power plant load data based on federated learning and multimodal bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Firstly
an edge-centralized privacy-protected training model is proposed based on federated learning. This model reconstructs missing data by leveraging contextual information accurately through a bidirectional encoding mechanism. Secondly
a highly coupled associative multi-modal feature input method is proposed
which considers the timing and physical characteristics of the electricity price and load power data
and constructs a BERT bidirectional model to improve the dimensionality and extraction speed of the input data
and improve the reconstruction accuracy and efficiency. Finally
more perfect information features of load active and reactive power data are captured
and the optimal value points are selected based on the “cross point” identification
and the cross-modal learning ability is used to improve the reconstruction accuracy. Simulation results show that the FLN-BERT-PIN method improves both the accuracy and robustness of load data reconstruction
while providing a practical pathway for advancing virtual power plant (VPP) data governance