Analytical Study on the Control Coupling Mechanism Inducing Instability in Grid-forming Converters in Stiff Grids

SIMA Wenxia; JIAN Peiyi; FENG Moke; YANG Ming; GUO Jingmei

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.251743

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Analytical Study on the Control Coupling Mechanism Inducing Instability in Grid-forming Converters in Stiff Grids

更新时间：2026-09-28

- Analytical Study on the Control Coupling Mechanism Inducing Instability in Grid-forming Converters in Stiff Grids
- Vol. 46, Issue 14, Pages: 5987-5998(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 1 输配电装备及系统安全与新技术全国重点实验室(重庆大学)，重庆市沙坪坝区,400030
  2. 2 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司,广东省,广州市,510080
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.251743
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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SIMA Wenxia, JIAN Peiyi, FENG Moke, et al. Analytical Study on the Control Coupling Mechanism Inducing Instability in Grid-forming Converters in Stiff Grids[J]. 2026, 46(14): 5987-5998.
DOI：

SIMA Wenxia, JIAN Peiyi, FENG Moke, et al. Analytical Study on the Control Coupling Mechanism Inducing Instability in Grid-forming Converters in Stiff Grids[J]. 2026, 46(14): 5987-5998. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.251743.

摘要

构网型变流器(grid-forming converter，GFMC)在高短路比的强电网中存在低频振荡与失稳问题。现有研究已初步定位该问题由内外环控制的强耦合导致，但尚未完全揭示耦合及失稳的具体机理。为此，文中建立可精确表征GFMC一二次系统及其内部环节交互特性的单输入单输出模型；基于此模型，对GFMC控制耦合机理及失稳原因进行深入解析，发现受扰后系统失去同步，使外环控制以反馈环节的形式与内环控制串联，是GFMC在强网下失稳的本征原因；通过分析该反馈环节的开环传递函数，进一步提出系统的稳定性判据，并据此揭示该耦合引发系统低频振荡的动态过程及其在不同工况下对GFMC并网稳定性的影响规律；由此，提出GFMC外环控制关键参数整定原则。RTDS实时仿真器验证了所提研究的正确性和有效性。

Abstract

Grid-forming converters (GFMCs) face severe instability issues in stiff grids. Existing studies preliminarily attribute this problem to the strong coupling between control loops

yet the mechanisms of this coupling remain elucidated. To address this

this paper establishes a single-input single-output model of the GFMC system

which accurately characterizes the interaction characteristics between the primary and secondary systems as well as internal control loops. Based on this model

an analytical investigation reveals that the loss of synchronization under disturbances causes the outer-loop control to act as a feedback element in series with the inner-loop control

constituting the intrinsic reason for GFMC instability. By analyzing the open-loop transfer function of this feedback path

a stability criterion is proposed

thereby clarifying the influence of control coupling on GFMC stability. The above research is validated through RTDS platform.

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