In order to solve the high power consumption problem of bistable electromagnets in aerospace and automation control systems

a variable airgap bistable electromagnet mechanism based on piezoelectric stacking is proposed and developed. By introducing a bridge-type micro-displacement amplification mechanism based on piezoelectric stack drive

the dynamic regulation of the air gap of the electromagnet permanent magnet magnetic circuit is realized. By increasing the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet magnetic circuit to reduce the permanent magnet flux

the amperage requirement of the electromagnetic coil is reduced

and the purpose of reducing power consumption is realized. The mathematical model of the electromagnet is established based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method

and the magnetic coupling characteristics are verified by finite element simulation. The simulation results show that the power consumption of the electromagnetic structure with variable air gap can be reduced by 52%. The experimental results show that the working current of the prototype drops from 1.85 A without air gap to 1.36 A after changing the air gap

with a current drop of 26.49%

a power consumption reduction of 45.96%. This study provides quantifiable parameter matching criteria and replicable technical paths for the engineering design of efficient bistable electromagnetic devices through the system research method of theoretical modeling

simulation optimization and prototype verification

which has important reference value for the optimization of electromagnetic actuators in aerospace and other fields with high power consumption requirements.