Modulation Wave and Harmonic Analysis of Single Active Vector PWM at Low Carrier Ratio

ZHANG Wenjing; YAO Wenxi; LI Wuhua; ZHANG Junming; Brendan McGrath

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250575

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Modulation Wave and Harmonic Analysis of Single Active Vector PWM at Low Carrier Ratio

更新时间：2026-10-12

- Modulation Wave and Harmonic Analysis of Single Active Vector PWM at Low Carrier Ratio
- Vol. 46, Issue 9, Pages: 3815-3827(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 1 浙江大学电气工程学院,浙江省,杭州市,310027
  2. 2 皇家墨尔本理工大学电气与电子工程学院,墨尔本,澳大利亚,3000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250575
  CLC：
- Received：05 May 2026，
  
  Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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ZHANG Wenjing, YAO Wenxi, LI Wuhua, et al. Modulation Wave and Harmonic Analysis of Single Active Vector PWM at Low Carrier Ratio[J]. 2026, 46(9): 3815-3827.
DOI：

ZHANG Wenjing, YAO Wenxi, LI Wuhua, et al. Modulation Wave and Harmonic Analysis of Single Active Vector PWM at Low Carrier Ratio[J]. 2026, 46(9): 3815-3827. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250575.

摘要

大功率变换器或高速电机驱动通常因功率器件的开关损耗或频率限制而在低载波比下运行。为克服低载波比带来的谐波问题，常采用改进的调制策略，例如同步最优调制(synchronous optimal pulse width modulation，SOPWM)，但其动态性能受限。单有效矢量脉宽调制(single active vector pulse width modulation，SAVPWM)在低调制比下可实现与SOPWM十分相近的谐波性能，同时具备优越的动态响应能力。该策略在每个载波周期仅使用一个有效矢量，并在每个扇区内保持矢量选择不变。为简化SAVPWM实现过程和直观呈现其调制特性，基于其矢量序列与调制规则推导出对应的调制波，并利于二维傅里叶积分方法构建理论谐波模型。结果显示，SAVPWM的调制波仅在基波正负峰值处呈现内凹，其余部分则钳位于正负母线，具有两相钳位的特征；其谐波边带除集中在载波倍频两侧外，还在基波附近存在分布，这区别于传统空间矢量脉宽调制和正弦脉宽调制。仿真和实验结果与理论分析高度一致，验证了所建模型的准确性。所提的基于调制波实现的SAVPWM可结合高性能控制方法使用，在实验中展现出优越的动态响应和谐波性能，验证了理论计算的准确性及其实际应用的有效性。

Abstract

High-power converters and high-speed motor drives often operate at low carrier ratios due to switching losses or frequency limitations. To address harmonic issues in this condition

this study applies advanced modulation strategies like Synchronous optimal pulse width modulation (SOPWM)

though its dynamic performance is limited. Single active vector pulse width modulation (SAVPWM) achieves harmonic performance close to SOPWM at low modulation indices while offering superior dynamic response. It employs only one active vector per carrier cycle

maintaining a constant active vector within each sector. To simplify implementation and visualize its characteristics

this paper derives the SAVPWM modulation wave and its theoretical harmonic expressions. The modulation wave is concave only at the fundamental peaks and clamped elsewhere. Unlike space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM)

SAVPWM produces harmonics near both carrier multiples and the fundamental frequency. The theoretical predictions show strong agreement with both simulation and experimental results. Modulation wave-based SAVPWM also integrates well with high-performance control methods

demonstrating excellent dynamic response and harmonic performance

validating its theoretical accuracy and practical feasibility.

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