With the acceleration of the global energy transition and the development of market-oriented economies

the electricity industry is gradually shifting from the traditional monopoly model to a market-based one. As the penetration of renewable energy continues to rise

the issue of insufficient transmission network capacity has become increasingly prominent

which has made raising and allocating transmission network construction costs one of the key challenges in the current market. Therefore

establishing a market-adapted transmission network operation model is essential

not only to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid but also to maintain fairness for transmission users and incentivize investment in the network. First

the construction principles of transmission networks are analyzed

with an explanation and summary of the construction methods and driving forces. Second

the existing transmission network operation models are reviewed and classified into three types: regulatory approach (RA)

merchant approach (MA)

and combined merchant-regulatory approach (CMRA). A detailed analysis of these approaches' advantages

disadvantages

and applicability is then provided. Next

the transmission network construction practices of typical countries are discussed. Finally

based on the current state of transmission network construction in China

the relevant recommendations for the development of transmission networks are offered

taking into account the applicability of various transmission network operation models and the cost recovery of network construction from a market design perspective.