Mechanism Analysis and Improvement of Grid-forming VSC Transient Stability Considering DC Dynamics

DU Yi; SUN Huadong; ZHENG Chao; XU Yunfei; LUAN Xiaoming; {{custom_author.name_en}}

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250141

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Mechanism Analysis and Improvement of Grid-forming VSC Transient Stability Considering DC Dynamics

更新时间：2026-10-19

- Mechanism Analysis and Improvement of Grid-forming VSC Transient Stability Considering DC Dynamics
- Vol. 46, Issue 6, Pages: 2179-2193(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  电网安全全国重点实验室(中国电力科学研究院有限公司)，北京市海淀区,100192
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250141
  CLC：
- Received：20 March 2026，
  
  Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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DU Yi, SUN Huadong, ZHENG Chao, et al. Mechanism Analysis and Improvement of Grid-forming VSC Transient Stability Considering DC Dynamics[J]. 2026, 46(6): 2179-2193.
DOI：

DU Yi, SUN Huadong, ZHENG Chao, et al. Mechanism Analysis and Improvement of Grid-forming VSC Transient Stability Considering DC Dynamics[J]. 2026, 46(6): 2179-2193. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.250141.

摘要

针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter，GFM-VSC)的暂态稳定问题，现有研究大多忽略直流侧动态特性对GFM-VSC暂态稳定特性的影响，分析结果偏于乐观。因此，该文以考虑直流侧动态的GFM-VSC并网系统为研究对象，揭示直流电压动态主导的新型暂态失稳机理并提出相应改进方法。首先，构建含储能电池和直流电容的GFM-VSC并网系统大扰动分析模型；然后，利用等面积法与相平面图法，揭示流储能设备能量未受限与受限状态下GFM-VSC的暂态稳定机理；其次，分析储能电池容量、直流母线电容及电流限幅环节等各类关键因素对系统暂态稳定特性的影响，并给出相应改进方法；最后，利用电磁暂态仿真验证该文机理分析与改进方法的正确性与有效性。

Abstract

For the transient stability issue of grid-forming voltage source converters (GFM-VSC)

most existing studies have assumed constant DC-side voltage

neglecting the influence of DC-side dynamics on the transient stability of GFM-VSCs

leading to overly optimistic analysis results. Therefore

this paper investigates a GFM-VSC grid-connected system considering DC-side dynamics

revealing a novel transient instability mechanism dominated by DC voltage dynamics and proposing corresponding stabilization methods. Firstly

a large-disturbance analysis model of the GFM-VSC grid-connected system

incorporating energy storage batteries and DC capacitor dynamics

is developed. Then

using equal-area criterion and phase-plane analysis

the transient stability mechanisms of the GFM-VSC under both unconstrained and constrained DC-side energy conditions are revealed. Subsequently

the impact of key factors such as energy storage battery capacity

DC bus capacitance

and current limiting components on the system’s transient stability is analyzed

with corresponding stabilization methods proposed. Finally

electromagnetic transient simulations are conducted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism analysis and stabilization methods.

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