Review on Synthetic Inertia Support From Inverter-based Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Regulation

ZHOU Te; ZHOU Yi; WANG Shuai; ZHANG Ning

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241953

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Review on Synthetic Inertia Support From Inverter-based Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Regulation

更新时间：2026-10-05

- Review on Synthetic Inertia Support From Inverter-based Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Regulation
- Vol. 46, Issue 3, Pages: 970-994(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 清华四川能源互联网研究院,四川省,成都市,610213
  2. 四川师范大学工学院电气工程系,四川省,成都市,610066
  3. 天府永兴实验室新型电力系统研究中心,四川省,成都市,610213
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241953
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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ZHOU Te, ZHOU Yi, WANG Shuai, et al. Review on Synthetic Inertia Support From Inverter-based Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Regulation[J]. 2026, 46(3): 970-994.
DOI：

ZHOU Te, ZHOU Yi, WANG Shuai, et al. Review on Synthetic Inertia Support From Inverter-based Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Regulation[J]. 2026, 46(3): 970-994. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241953.

摘要

变频温控负荷体量庞大，蕴藏海量调频潜力，在电力系统惯量水平持续走低趋势下，能负荷集群的惯量支撑与一次调频支撑(简称综合惯量支撑)成为其实际参与调频应用的关键。该文首先聚焦变频温控负荷电气过程、换热过程全环节行为动态与调频调控需求间的时间尺度匹配，提出满足调频调控需求的变频温控负荷简化降阶动态模型，并提出“响应域”概念量化其调频能力；然后，根据调控架构不同，将变频温控负荷集群综合惯量支撑技术归类为集中式、分散式和混合式；进而，对3类模式下的调控框架、综合惯量控制策略以及接入系统频率响应简化模型进行探讨；最后，明确变频温控负荷集群综合惯量支撑技术难点及研究关键。

Abstract

Massive inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) cluster has immense potential for frequency regulation. As the power system inertia continues to decrease

how to enable the inertia support and primary frequency regulation support (synthetic inertia support for short) of the ITCL cluster has become the key to practical applications. Therefore

this paper focuses on the time-scale matching between ITCL dynamic behaviors and frequency regulation requirements

establishes a reduced-order dynamic model of ITCL that meets the frequency regulation requirements

and proposes the concept of response domain to quantify the frequency regulation capability of ITCL. Then

according to different control topologies

this paper classifies the synthetic inertia support technologies into centralized

decentralized and hybrid types. Furthermore

this paper discusses the regulation framework

synthetic inertia support control strategy

and simplified frequency response model of the 3 modes

and clarifies the technical difficulties and key research issues of the synthetic inertia support of ITCL cluster.

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