Molten Salt Selection for Thermal Energy Storage System of Ultra-flexible Coal-fired Power Plant

WANG Yan; XU Jinliang; XIE Jian; YU Xiongjiang; WANG Qinghua; NIU Yuguang; LIU Jizhen; LI Wenchao; ZHAO Yuwei

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241662

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Molten Salt Selection for Thermal Energy Storage System of Ultra-flexible Coal-fired Power Plant

更新时间：2026-06-25

- Molten Salt Selection for Thermal Energy Storage System of Ultra-flexible Coal-fired Power Plant
- Vol. 45, Issue 20, Pages: 8053-8066(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京怀柔实验室, 北京市怀柔区,101400
  2. 低品位能源多相流与传热北京市重点实验室(华北电力大学), 北京市昌平区,102206
  3. 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司,黑龙江省,哈尔滨市,150046
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241662
  CLC：
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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WANG Yan, XU Jinliang, XIE Jian, et al. Molten Salt Selection for Thermal Energy Storage System of Ultra-flexible Coal-fired Power Plant[J]. 2025, 45(20): 8053-8066.
DOI：

WANG Yan, XU Jinliang, XIE Jian, et al. Molten Salt Selection for Thermal Energy Storage System of Ultra-flexible Coal-fired Power Plant[J]. 2025, 45(20): 8053-8066. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241662.

摘要

为支撑可再生能源大比例接入新型电力系统，大幅提升燃煤机组灵活性，该文提出耦合燃煤机组的熔盐储能系统并进行熔盐工质筛选。针对350 MW灵活燃煤机组，熔盐储能系统承担3%Pe/min升负荷速率目标下，综合汽轮机热力与关键设备传热分析，从熔盐基本物性出发，重点研究二元盐(60%NaNO3+40%KNO3)和三元盐(53%KNO3+40%NaNO2+7%NaNO3)对熔盐蒸汽发生系统发电效率、系统复杂性及投资成本的影响。研究发现，二元盐分解温度高，可产生较高品位蒸汽，熔盐蒸汽发生系统的平均发电效率为36.7%，三元盐因分解温度低，平均发电效率仅为29.2%。与三元盐相比，二元盐熔点高，熔盐蒸汽发生系统需从汽轮机抽汽预热熔盐系统给水，以防止熔盐凝固堵塞，增加了系统复杂。采用二元盐，熔盐蒸汽发生系统运行温度高，在相同升负荷需求下，熔盐流量、用量、储罐及换热器体积均减小，投资成本比三元盐系统降低1 000万元。因此，建议采用二元盐储能系统，以实现熔盐系统高效性及安全性，支撑超灵活燃煤发电。

Abstract

Large-scale renewable energy integration into the power grid necessitates enhanced flexibility of coal-fired power units. This study introduces a coal-fired unit integrated with a molten salt energy storage system to bolster the adaptability of the power system. We have conducted a comprehensive screening of potential molten salt working fluids to optimize the system's performance. Focusing on a 350 MW flexible coal-fired unit

we have designed the molten salt energy storage system to achieve a targeted load ramp rate of 3% of the rated power (Pe) per minute. Based on physical properties of the Solar salt (60%NaNO3+40%KNO3) and the Hitec salt (53%KNO3+40%NaNO2+7%NaNO3)

the thermodynamics of the turbine and the heat transfer of key components are analyzed. Hence

the effects of the two molten salts on the power generation efficiency

the system complexity

and the investment cost of the MSSG are investigated. It is found that due to the higher decomposition temperature of Solar salt

the MSSG with Solar salt achieves an average power generation efficiency of 36.7%

which is higher than the value of 29.2% for the system with Hitec salt. On the contrary

due to the higher melting temperature of Solar salt

it is necessary to extract water vapor from the steam turbine to preheat the feedwater of the MSSG with Solar salt requires to preheat its feedwater through water vapor extracted from the steam turbine to prevent the salt from solidifying and blocking pipelines

which complicates the system. One the other hand

the higher operation temperature of the MSSG with Solar salt decreases the mass flow rate of the salt

the inventory amount of the salt

and the sizes of heat exchangers

compared with those of the system with Hitec salt. Comprehensively

the investment cost of the Solar salt system drops by 10.0 million RMB compared with the Hitec system. Based on this investigation

the Solar salt is recommended for adoption in the MSSG to ensure efficient and safe operation

supporting the coal-fired power plant to reach the ultra-flexibility target.

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