Nonlinear Frequency Dynamic Response Control of PEM Electrolyzer Considering Hydrogen in Oxygen

KONG Lingguo; HU Cheng'ao; SUN Jiaqi; WANG Shibo; YAN Huaguang; LIU Chuang; HAN Zijiao; KANG Jiandong; CAI Guowei

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241533

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Nonlinear Frequency Dynamic Response Control of PEM Electrolyzer Considering Hydrogen in Oxygen

更新时间：2026-10-12

- Nonlinear Frequency Dynamic Response Control of PEM Electrolyzer Considering Hydrogen in Oxygen
- Vol. 45, Issue 16, Pages: 6223-6235(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 现代电力系统仿真控制与绿色电能新技术教育部重点实验室(东北电力大学),吉林市,吉林省,132012
  2. 中国电力科学研究院有限公司, 北京市海淀区,100192
  3. 国网辽宁省电力有限公司,辽宁省,沈阳市,110004
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241533
  CLC：
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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KONG Lingguo, HU Cheng'ao, SUN Jiaqi, et al. Nonlinear Frequency Dynamic Response Control of PEM Electrolyzer Considering Hydrogen in Oxygen[J]. 2025, 45(16): 6223-6235.
DOI：

KONG Lingguo, HU Cheng'ao, SUN Jiaqi, et al. Nonlinear Frequency Dynamic Response Control of PEM Electrolyzer Considering Hydrogen in Oxygen[J]. 2025, 45(16): 6223-6235. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.241533.

摘要

该文针对质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane，PEM)电解槽负荷安全快速响应电力系统频率控制难题，提出考虑氧中氢含量的PEM电解槽非线性频率动态响应控制策略。首先，基于质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程、阴阳极压强方程以及小室U-I方程建立PEM电解槽一维机理动态模型，得到电解槽阳极氧中氢含量的数学解析模型；其次，基于全息目标反馈非线性频率响应控制(nonlinear control with objective holographic feedbacks，NCOHF)理论，提出考虑氧中氢含量的PEM电解槽频率响应策略；最后，利用25%风电渗透率的4机2区仿真系统在负荷阶跃及风电功率波动工况进行频率响应分析，验证该文方法相较于传统下垂、加速下垂和频率变化率控制在频率动态响应方面的优越性。

Abstract

This article proposes a nonlinear frequency dynamic response control strategy for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer

taking into account the hydrogen in oxygen

to address the difficulty of frequency control in the power system in load safety and rapid response. Firstly

based on the mass conservation equation

energy conservation equation

anode and cathode pressure equation

and chamber U-I equation

a one-dimensional dynamic model of the PEM electrolyzer mechanism is established

and a mathematical analytical model of the hydrogen in the anode oxygen of the electrolyzer is obtained; secondly

based on the theory of nonlinear control with objective holographic feedbacks (NCOHF)

a frequency response strategy for PEM electrolyzer considering hydrogen in oxygen is proposed; Finally

using a four-machine two-zone simulation system with 25% wind power penetration rate

frequency response analysis is conducted under load step and wind power fluctuation conditions

verifying the superiority of our method in frequency dynamic response compared with traditional droop

accelerated droop

and frequency change rate control.

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