Research on Steam Oxidation Behavior of T91 Ferritic Heat-resistant Steel After Long-term Service Under Variable Load Conditions of the Boiler

Yanze CHEN; Zhiyuan LIANG; Yiming XU; Qinxin ZHAO

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240126

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Research on Steam Oxidation Behavior of T91 Ferritic Heat-resistant Steel After Long-term Service Under Variable Load Conditions of the Boiler

Power Generation | 更新时间：2026-02-06

- Research on Steam Oxidation Behavior of T91 Ferritic Heat-resistant Steel After Long-term Service Under Variable Load Conditions of the Boiler
- Proceedings of the CSEE Vol. 45, Issue 10, Pages: 3912-3923(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室(西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院), 陕西省西安市 710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC3001801)
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240126
  CLC： TG132
- Received：16 January 2024，
  
  Online First：22 July 2024，
  
  Published：20 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
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Yanze CHEN, Zhiyuan LIANG, Yiming XU, et al. Research on Steam Oxidation Behavior of T91 Ferritic Heat-resistant Steel After Long-term Service Under Variable Load Conditions of the Boiler[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(10): 3912-3923.
DOI：

Yanze CHEN, Zhiyuan LIANG, Yiming XU, et al. Research on Steam Oxidation Behavior of T91 Ferritic Heat-resistant Steel After Long-term Service Under Variable Load Conditions of the Boiler[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(10): 3912-3923. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240126.

摘要

针对电站锅炉变负荷工况下耐热钢工质侧氧化膜是否剥落的问题，选取长期服役和供货态铁素体耐热钢T91为研究对象，开展长时变负荷运行工况下耐热钢的蒸汽氧化行为研究。采用分析天平测量耐热钢氧化前后质量变化，利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等设备表征氧化产物的形貌以及成分。对比实验结果表明：600和625℃稳定负荷与变负荷工况下的蒸汽氧化实验结果均表明，供货态T91的氧化增重均大于长时服役的T91。相比于稳定负荷，由于变负荷过程引起气氛的变化导致铁素体耐热钢T91氧化层所受应力发生突变，引起氧化层的严重开裂，甚至剥落。长期服役耐热钢氧化层内因大量存在的孔洞以及组织缺陷导致氧化层发生更为严重的剥落。锅炉变负荷运行会导致氧化层剥落，增加了电站锅炉过(再)热器堵管风险。

Abstract

To investigate the spallation of oxide scales on ferritic heat-resistant steel T91 under cyclic loading conditions

this study examines the steam oxidation behavior of both long-term serviced and as-received T91 steel samples from boiler applications. The mass changes of the heat-resistant steel before and after oxidation are measured using an analytical balance. The morphology and composition of the oxide products are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the weight gain of the supplied state T91 is greater than that of the long-term serviced T91 under both stable and variable load conditions at 600℃ and 625℃. Compared to stable loading

the variation in atmosphere is caused by load variation resulted in a sudden change in stress on the oxide film of the ferritic heat-resistant steel T91

leading to severe cracking of the oxide film. The long-term serviced samples experience more severe scale peeling due to the presence of numerous voids and structural defects. Boiler operation under load variation can result in the peeling of the oxide film and increase the risk of tube blockage in pressure-bearing components.

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