One-dimensional Mechanism Modeling and Dynamic Response of PEM Electrolysis Load Under Fluctuating Conditions

Lingguo KONG; Jiaqi SUN; Shibo WANG; Zijiao HAN; Huaguang YAN; Chuang LIU; Guowei CAI

doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.232612

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One-dimensional Mechanism Modeling and Dynamic Response of PEM Electrolysis Load Under Fluctuating Conditions

Renewables and Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-02-05

- One-dimensional Mechanism Modeling and Dynamic Response of PEM Electrolysis Load Under Fluctuating Conditions
- Proceedings of the CSEE Vol. 45, Issue 13, Pages: 5074-5085(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 现代电力系统仿真控制与绿色电能新技术教育部重点实验室(东北电力大学), 吉林省吉林市 132012
  2. 国网辽宁省电力有限公司, 辽宁省沈阳市 110004
  3. 中国电力科学研究院有限公司, 北京市海淀区 100192
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52377170)
- DOI：10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.232612
  CLC： TK124
- Received：01 December 2023，
  
  Online First：15 July 2024，
  
  Published：05 July 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Lingguo KONG, Jiaqi SUN, Shibo WANG, et al. One-dimensional Mechanism Modeling and Dynamic Response of PEM Electrolysis Load Under Fluctuating Conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(13): 5074-5085.
DOI：

Lingguo KONG, Jiaqi SUN, Shibo WANG, et al. One-dimensional Mechanism Modeling and Dynamic Response of PEM Electrolysis Load Under Fluctuating Conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(13): 5074-5085. DOI： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.232612.

摘要

针对质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane，PEM)电解槽负荷接入电力系统分析缺乏兼顾高精度与快速求解的动态模型问题，该文提出一种基于流体力学守恒方程PEM电解槽负荷一维机理模型构建方法，建立涵盖

特性方程、物质传输与能量传递的多物理场耦合模型，并采用四阶龙格-库塔法进行迭代求解。通过静态、动态阶跃及风电波动工况仿真表明，PEM电解槽稳态工况下电压分别与压强、温度呈正/负相关性，氧中氢含量沿流道方向递增至阳极出口处达到峰值；动态阶跃工况下的氧中氢含量非单调动态响应，其经历化学反应主导的快速上升与氢渗透主导的缓变阶段；风电波动工况下，氧中氢含量全程受化学反应速率主导，短时剧烈波动或将导致浓度激增超限，流速协同调控可抑制氧中氢含量越限风险，降低PEM电解槽潜在的运行安全问题。

Abstract

To address the lack of dynamic models for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers that balance high accuracy with computational efficiency when integrated into power systems

this paper proposes a one-dimensional mechanistic modeling method for PEM electrolyzer loads based on fluid dynamics conservation equations. A multiphysics coupled model is established

incorpora

ting

characteristic equations

mass transport

and energy transfer processes. The model is solved iteratively using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results under steady-state

dynamic step

and wind power fluctuation scenarios demonstrate: under steady-state conditions

the cell voltage exhibits positive and negative correlations with pressure and temperature

respectively; the hydrogen in the oxygen stream increases along the flow channel and peaks at the anode outlet. Under dynamic step conditions

the hydrogen content in oxygen presents a non-monotonic transient response

characterized by a rapid increase dominated by electrochemical reactions

followed by a slower stage governed by hydrogen permeation. In wind power fluctuation scenarios

the hydrogen in oxygen is primarily governed by reaction kinetics. Short-term sharp power fluctuations may cause concentration spikes exceeding safety thresholds

while coordinated control of flow rate can mitigate the risk of hydrogen concentration overshoot and reduce potential operational safety hazards of the PEM electrolyzer.

关键词

Keywords

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