
1.上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海市 200090
2.电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室 (上海交通大学),上海市 200240
Received:29 May 2026,
Revised:2026-06-30,
Published:01 October 2026
移动端阅览
李鹏展,柳璐,孙超等.考虑频率安全的新能源场站多路径改造与多类型电源协同规划方法[J].电力建设,2026,47(10):45-61.
LI Pengzhan,LIU Lu,SUN Chao,et al.Coordinated Planning Method for Renewable Energy Plant Multi-Pathway Retrofitting and Multi-Type Generation Considering Frequency Security[J].Electric Power Construction,2026,47(10):45-61.
李鹏展,柳璐,孙超等.考虑频率安全的新能源场站多路径改造与多类型电源协同规划方法[J].电力建设,2026,47(10):45-61. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.10.004.
LI Pengzhan,LIU Lu,SUN Chao,et al.Coordinated Planning Method for Renewable Energy Plant Multi-Pathway Retrofitting and Multi-Type Generation Considering Frequency Security[J].Electric Power Construction,2026,47(10):45-61. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.10.004.
目的
2
为解决高比例新能源并网导致电力系统一次调频响应能力下降、威胁电网频率安全的问题,提出了一种考虑频率安全的新能源场站多路径改造与多类型电源协同规划方法。
方法
2
首先,构建包含加装调频器、跟网型储能和构网型储能的新能源场站多路径改造模型,刻画不同改造方式在一次调频、惯性响应和投资成本方面的差异。其次,建立以电源投建成本、新能源场站改造成本、运行成本总和最小为目标的协同规划模型,针对强非线性特征的频率偏差约束难以嵌入规划模型的问题,建立主-子问题迭代求解框架,主问题解决基于多场景的电源规划及新能源改造决策问题,子问题利用系统频率响应模型对频率安全指标进行评估,主-子问题之间通过单位调节功率、调频备用容量和系统惯量三个方向的物理参数加固割相连接。
结果
2
改进的IEEE 24节点系统及实际区域系统验证结果表明,该方法能够获得最优建设方案,同时发挥新能源多元改造路径互补优势,相比传统规划方法,总成本降低1.2%并使新能源消纳率提高0.4%。随着新能源装机渗透率的进一步提升,系统转动惯量下降,构网型储能的配置容量显著上升。
结论
2
所提方法能有效统筹系统频率支撑性能与整体经济成本,避免了对常规火电的过度投资,为高比例新能源并网导致一次调频能力下降问题提供了切实可行的解决方案。
Objective
2
To address the decline in primary frequency response capability and the resulting threats to frequency security caused by the high-proportion integration of renewable energy,a coordinated planning method for multi-path retrofitting of renewable energy plants and multi-type generation considering frequency security is proposed.
Methods
2
First,a multi-path retrofit model for renewable energy plants was constructed,including the installation of primary frequency response controllers (PFRCs),grid-following (GFL) energy storage,and grid-forming (GFM) energy storage,so as to characterize the differences among various retrofitting pathways in terms of primary frequency regulation,inertia response,and investment costs. Second,a coordinated planning model was established with the objective of minimizing the total sum of generation investment cost,renewable energy plant retrofit cost,and operational cost. To overcome the difficulty of embedding highly nonlinear frequency deviation constraints into the planning model,an iterative master-subproblem solution framework was developed. The master problem solved the multi-scenario-based generation expansion and renewable energy retrofit decisions,while the subproblem used a system frequency response model to evaluate frequency security indicators. The master and subproblems were linked through physics-informed strengthening cuts derived from three dimensions: regulation power,frequency regulation reserve capacity,and system inertia.
Results
2
The verification results on the modified IEEE 24-bus system and an actual regional power system demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain the optimal construction scheme while fully exploiting the complementary advantages of diversified renewable energy retrofit pathways. Compared with the conventional planning method,the total cost was reduced by 1.2%,and the renewable energy accommodation rate was increased by 0.4%. Furthermore,as the penetration rate of renewable energy capacity further increases,the system rotational inertia decreases,leading to a significant increase in the configured capacity of GFM energy storage.
Conclusions
2
The proposed method can effectively coordinate system frequency support performance and overall economic cost,avoid over-investment in conventional coal-fired thermal power plants,and provide a practical and feasible solution to the decline in primary frequency response capability caused by the high-proportion integration of renewable energy.
陈昕钰 , 余光正 , 陈汝斯 , 等 . 考虑沙戈荒地区复杂气象因素的超短期光伏功率预测 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2026 , 50 ( 2 ): 83 - 92 .
Chen Xinyu , Yu Guangzheng , Chen Rusi , et al . Ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction considering complex meteorological factors in Gobi desert and other arid areas [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2026 , 50 ( 2 ): 83 - 92 .
GB/T 40594—2021 电力系统网源协调技术导则 [S].
GB/T 40594—2021 Technical guide for power grid and source coordination [S].
张嘉琪 , 胥国毅 , 王程 , 等 . 考虑同步机调差系数灵敏度与频率约束的机组组合 [J]. 电力系统保护与控制 , 2023 , 51 ( 13 ): 102 - 110 .
Zhang Jiaqi , Xu Guoyi , Wang Cheng , et al . Unit commitment considering the sensitivity of the synchronous generator adjustment coefficient and frequency constraint [J]. Power System Protection and Control , 2023 , 51 ( 13 ): 102 - 110 .
樊科 , 石庆鑫 , 刘文霞 , 等 . 计及频率安全约束的高比例新能源电网统一多目标优化运行 [J/OL]. 华北电力大学学报(自然科学版) , 2025-04-11 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/10.1999.TM.20250411.1349.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/10.1999.TM.20250411.1349.002 .
Fan Ke , Shi Qingxin , Liu Wenxia , et al . Unified multi-objective optimal operation of high proportion new energy grid considering frequency security constraints [J/OL]. Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition) , 2025-04-11 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/10.1999.TM.20250411.1349.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/10.1999.TM.20250411.1349.002 .
张磊 , 宋坤泽 , 叶婧 , 等 . 计及惯量和风电双重不确定性的两阶段分布鲁棒机组组合 [J]. 电力建设 , 2026 , 47 ( 2 ): 147 - 160 .
Zhang Lei , Song Kunze , Ye Jing , et al . Two-stage distributionally robust unit commitment considering dual uncertainties of inertia and wind power [J]. Electric Power Construction , 2026 , 47 ( 2 ): 147 - 160 .
桑顺 , 徐王誉 , 施刚 , 等 . 面向柔性互联配电网的构网型风电机组的稳定性分析及频率支撑控制 [J]. 供用电 , 2026 , 43 ( 2 ): 53 - 63 .
Sang Shun , Xu Wangyu , Shi Gang , et al . Stability analysis and frequency support control of grid-forming wind turbines for flexible interconnected distribution network [J]. Distribution & Utilization , 2026 , 43 ( 2 ): 53 - 63 .
Meng L X , Zafar J , Khadem S K , et al . Fast frequency response from energy storage systems: a review of grid standards, projects and technical issues [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2020 , 11 ( 2 ): 1566 - 1581 .
张智 , 周明 , 武昭原 , 等 . 考虑动态频率支撑的储能选址定容规划方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2023 , 43 ( 7 ): 2708 - 2720, 19 .
Zhang Zhi , Zhou Ming , Wu Zhaoyuan , et al . Energy storage location and capacity planning method considering dynamic frequency support [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2023 , 43 ( 7 ): 2708 - 2720, 19 .
于琳琳 , 陈姝彧 , 张凯南 , 等 . 考虑最低惯量需求的受端电网储能规划研究 [J]. 电网与清洁能源 , 2024 , 40 ( 10 ): 149 - 158 .
Yu Linlin , Chen Shuyu , Zhang Kainan , et al . Research on the energy storage planning of the receiving-end power grid considering minimum inertia requirement [J]. Power System & Clean Energy , 2024 , 40 ( 10 ): 149 - 158 .
程昊文 , 李克成 , 柳璐 , 等 . 基于风光火差异化调频策略的电池储能协同优化配置 [J]. 上海交通大学学报 , 2025 , 59 ( 10 ): 1407 - 1418 .
Cheng Haowen , Li Kecheng , Liu Lu , et al . Optimization configuration of battery storage coordinated with differentiated frequency regulation strategy of wind, solar, and thermal power [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 2025 , 59 ( 10 ): 1407 - 1418 .
王强钢 , 石博文 , 池源 , 等 . 基于动态频率安全评估的低惯性系统储能适应性协同规划 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2026 , 50 ( 2 ): 165 - 176 .
Wang Qianggang , Shi Bowen , Chi Yuan , et al . Adaptive coordinated planning of energy storage for low-inertia power systems based on dynamic frequency security assessment [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2026 , 50 ( 2 ): 165 - 176 .
崔杨 , 付大志 , 程丁然 , 等 . 考虑系统惯量需求的常规水电站改造联合纯抽蓄电站容量配置方法 [J]. 电网技术 , 2025 , 49 ( 12 ): 5292 - 5303 .
Cui Yang , Fu Dazhi , Cheng Dingran , et al . Capacity allocation method of conventional hydropower transformation combined with pure pumped storage power station considering system inertia demand [J]. Power System Technology , 2025 , 49 ( 12 ): 5292 - 5303 .
邱星宇 , 吴毓峰 , 王梓耀 , 等 . 计及并离网频率约束的微电网容量优化配置方法 [J]. 电力系统保护与控制 , 2023 , 51 ( 21 ): 166 - 177 .
Qiu Xingyu , Wu Yufeng , Wang Ziyao , et al . Optimal configuration method of microgrid capacity considering grid connection and islanding frequency constraints [J]. Power System Protection and Control , 2023 , 51 ( 21 ): 166 - 177 .
李鸿鑫 , 吴思嘉 , 陈大为 , 等 . 频率安全下受端电网灵活性资源优化配置方法 [J]. 广东电力 , 2025 , 38 ( 7 ): 55 - 67 .
Li Hongxin , Wu Sijia , Chen Dawei , et al . Optimal configuration of flexible resources in receiving-end grids considering frequency safety [J]. Guangdong Electric Power , 2025 , 38 ( 7 ): 55 - 67 .
胡泽春 , 蔡福霖 , 冯建洲 . 兼顾新能源消纳与频率电压支撑的电池储能系统优化规划 [J]. 电力自动化设备 , 2024 , 44 ( 7 ): 3 - 12 .
Hu Zechun , Cai Fulin , Feng Jianzhou . Optimal planning of battery energy storage system considering renewable energy consumption and frequency and voltage support [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment , 2024 , 44 ( 7 ): 3 - 12 .
Sun C , Liu L , Cheng H Z , et al . Multistage expansion planning of source-grid coordination considering frequency security under retirement of thermal power units [J]. Electric Power Systems Research , 2025 , 245 : 111605 .
Cai X , Zhang N , Du E S , et al . Low inertia power system planning considering frequency quality under high penetration of renewable energy [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2024 , 39 ( 2 ): 4537 - 4548 .
Wang Y , Strbac G . Regional frequency-constrained planning for the optimal sizing of power systems via enhanced input convex neural networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2025 , 16 ( 3 ): 1644 - 1658 .
张后谊 , 柳璐 , 徐玉韬 , 等 . 计及自适应时间段极端场景频率安全的源网储协同规划方法 [J/OL]. 上海交通大学学报 , 2026-03-14 . https://doi.org/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.185 https://doi.org/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.185 .
Zhang Houyi , Liu Lu , Xu Yutao , et al . Source-grid-storage coordination planning method considering frequency security in adaptive time-interval extreme scenarios [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 2026-03-14 . https://doi.org/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.185 https://doi.org/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.185 .
金楚 , 李作红 , 林勇 , 等 . 考虑频率安全及风能转移的风电场规划与运行 [J]. 电力建设 , 2025 , 46 ( 3 ): 155 - 165 .
Jin Chu , Li Zuohong , Lin Yong , et al . Planning and operation of wind farms considering frequency safety and wind energy transfer [J]. Electric Power Construction , 2025 , 46 ( 3 ): 155 - 165 .
李红刚 , 李勇 , 李晓宁 , 等 . 基于储能惯量支撑的高比例新能源基地效益提升优化方法 [J]. 山东电力技术 , 2025 , 52 ( 12 ): 27 - 37 .
Li Honggang , Li Yong , Li Xiaoning , et al . A method for optimizing the allocation of comprehensive benefits of a high proportion of new energy bases based on energy storage inertia [J]. Shandong Electric Power , 2025 , 52 ( 12 ): 27 - 37 .
黄欣蕊 , 郭春义 , 张进 , 等 . 跟网与构网型储能对风-光-水打捆经常规直流外送系统的功率传输能力影响研究 [J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2025-11-07 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20251107.0920.004 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20251107.0920.004 .
Huang Xinrui , Guo Chunyi , Zhang Jin , et al . Study on the influence of grid-following and grid-structured energy storage on the power transmission capacity of wind-light-water bundling through conventional DC delivery system [J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2025-11-07 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20251107.0920.004 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20251107.0920.004 .
赵清华 , 李明 , 李晓龙 , 等 . 构网型与跟网型储能在弱电网中的暂态响应特性及并网性能研究 [J]. 高压电器 , 2025 , 61 ( 11 ): 22 - 33, 44 .
Zhao Qinghua , Li Ming , Li Xiaolong , et al . Study on transient response characteristics and grid-connection performance of grid-forming and grid-following energy storage in weak grids [J]. High Voltage Apparatus , 2025 , 61 ( 11 ): 22 - 33, 44 .
王冠淇 , 裴玮 , 熊佳旺 , 等 . 跟网型和构网型变流器混合系统稳定性分析方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2025 , 45 ( 1 ): 25 - 37 .
Wang Guanqi , Pei Wei , Xiong Jiawang , et al . Stability analysis method for hybrid systems of grid-following and grid-forming inverters [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2025 , 45 ( 1 ): 25 - 37 .
王双双 , 吴雪莲 , 李兆伟 , 等 . 计及构网型新能源主动支撑特性的频率紧急控制适应性分析 [J]. 电力工程技术 , 2025 , 44 ( 2 ): 80 - 89 .
Wang Shuangshuang , Wu Xuelian , Li Zhaowei , et al . Analysis of the adaptability of frequency emergency control considering the active support characteristics of grid-forming new energy [J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology , 2025 , 44 ( 2 ): 80 - 89 .
秦本双 , 徐永海 . 多虚拟同步机并网系统功频振荡模态分析 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 19 ): 6570 - 6580 .
Qin Benshuang , Xu Yonghai . Modal analysis of multi-virtual synchronous machine grid-connected power-frequency oscillation [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2021 , 41 ( 19 ): 6570 - 6580 .
Rosso R , Wang X F , Liserre M , et al . Grid-forming converters: control approaches, grid-synchronization, and future trends: a review [J]. IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications , 2021 , 2 : 93 - 109 .
刘辉 , 于思奇 , 孙大卫 , 等 . 构网型变流器控制技术及原理综述 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2025 , 45 ( 1 ): 277 - 296 .
Liu Hui , Yu Siqi , Sun Dawei , et al . An overview of control technologies and principles for grid-forming converters [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2025 , 45 ( 1 ): 277 - 296 .
GB/T 40595—2021 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则 [S].
GB/T 40595—2021 Guide for technology and test on primary frequency control of grid-connected power resource [S].
DL/T 2246.7—2021 电化学储能电站并网运行与控制技术规范 第7部分:惯量支撑与阻尼控制 [S].
DL/T 2246.7—2021 Technical specification for grid-connected operation andcontrol of electrochemical energy storage station. Part 7: Inertia support and damping control [S].
杨若琳 . 含高比例新能源的电力系统源网荷储协同规划及优化运行研究 [D]. 南京 : 东南大学 , 2022 .
Yang Ruolin . Study on coordinated planning and optimal operation of source, network, load and storage in power system with high proportion of new energy [D]. Nanjing : Southeast University , 2022 .
王春义 , 杨颂 , 魏智超 , 等 . 基于VSG技术的光伏-储能并网系统协调控制策略 [J]. 电网与清洁能源 , 2025 , 41 ( 12 ): 118 - 126 .
Wang Chunyi , Yang Song , Wei Zhichao , et al . A coordinated control strategy for PV-energy storage grid-connected systems based on VSG technology [J]. Power System and Clean Energy , 2025 , 41 ( 12 ): 118 - 126 .
黄润 , 刘梓宁 , 余强 , 等 . 考虑全寿命周期效益的风电场站配储能系统参与一次调频服务容量及功率配置优化 [J]. 南方电网技术 , 2025 , 19 ( 4 ): 122 - 131 .
Huang Run , Liu Zining , Yu Qiang , et al . Primary frequency regulation service capacity and optimization power configuration for wind farm station distribution energy storage system considering full lifecycle benefits [J]. Southern Power System Technology , 2025 , 19 ( 4 ): 122 - 131 .
申家锴 , 李卫东 , 李正文 , 等 . 计及一次调频死区与限幅的高比例风电电力系统机组组合 [J]. 电网技术 , 2022 , 46 ( 4 ): 1326 - 1334 .
Shen Jiakai , Li Weidong , Li Zhengwen , et al . Unit commitment of power system with high proportion of wind power considering the deadband and limiter of primary frequency response [J]. Power System Technology , 2022 , 46 ( 4 ): 1326 - 1334 .
谭玲玲 , 张文龙 , 康志豪 , 等 . 计及惯量响应与一次调频参数优化的新能源基地构网型储能规划 [J]. 中国电力 , 2025 , 58 ( 7 ): 147 - 161 .
Tan Lingling , Zhang Wenlong , Kang Zhihao , et al . Grid-forming storage planning for renewable energy bases considering the co-optimization of inertia response and primary frequency regulation parameters [J]. Electric Power , 2025 , 58 ( 7 ): 147 - 161 .
刘洋 , 邵广惠 , 张弘鹏 , 等 . 新能源参与系统一次调频分析及参数设置 [J]. 电网技术 , 2020 , 44 ( 2 ): 683 - 689 .
Liu Yang , Shao Guanghui , Zhang Hongpeng , et al . Analysis of renewable energy participation in primary frequency regulation and parameter setting scheme of power grid [J]. Power System Technology , 2020 , 44 ( 2 ): 683 - 689 .
王彦婷 , 文云峰 , 郑文伟 , 等 . 电力系统临界惯量需求的优化仿真协同评估方法 [J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2025-07-24 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20250724.1529.013 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20250724.1529.013 .
Wang Yanting , Wen Yunfeng , Zheng Wenwei , et al . Collaborative evaluation method of optimal simulation for critical inertia demand of power system [J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2025-07-24 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20250724.1529.013 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.TM.20250724.1529.013 .
赵冬梅 , 宋晨铭 , 艾彬 , 等 . 考虑频率安全的输电网-源网荷储一体化系统分布式优化调度模型 [J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2026-03-05 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20260304.1624.011 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20260304.1624.011 .
Zhao Dongmei , Song Chenming , Ai Bin , et al . Distributed optimal dispatching model of integrated load and storage system of transmission network-source network considering frequency safety [J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2026-03-05 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20260304.1624.011 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20260304.1624.011 .
沈赋 , 曹旸 , 徐潇源 , 等 . 高比例可再生能源电力系统惯量预测方法研究综述 [J]. 电力建设 , 2025 , 46 ( 8 ): 116 - 128 .
Shen Fu , Cao Yang , Xu Xiaoyuan , et al . A review of inertia prediction methods for power system with high penetration renewable energy sources [J]. Electric Power Construction , 2025 , 46 ( 8 ): 116 - 128 .
孙超 , 柳璐 , 张啸虎 , 等 . 计及混合多馈入直流等效短路比约束的源网协同规划方法 [J/OL]. 电力系统自动化 , 2026-03-23 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20260323.1042.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20260323.1042.002 .
Sun Chao , Liu Lu , Zhang Xiaohu , et al . Collaborative planning method of source and network considering the constraint of DC equivalent short circuit ratio of hybrid multi-infeed [J/OL]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2026-03-23 . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20260323.1042.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20260323.1042.002 .
张程铭 . 可再生能源接入下考虑频率安全的发输储系统规划方法研究 [D]. 上海 : 上海交通大学 , 2022 .
Zhang Chengming . Research on planning method of generation,transmission,and energy Storage Systems considering frequency security with renewable energy integration .[D]. Shanghai : Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 2022 .
毛颖群 , 张建平 , 程浩忠 , 等 . 考虑频率安全约束及风电综合惯性控制的电力系统机组组合 [J]. 电力系统保护与控制 , 2022 , 50 ( 11 ): 61 - 70 .
Mao Yingqun , Zhang Jianping , Cheng Haozhong , et al . Unit commitment of a power system considering frequency safety constraint and wind power integrated inertial control [J]. Power System Protection and Control , 2022 , 50 ( 11 ): 61 - 70 .
0
Views
0
下载量
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621