A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients

LI Yongbin; GESANG Jinmei; WU Jie; ZHU Ling; XU Guang

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032

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A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients

更新时间：2026-08-04

- A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients
- Vol. 59, Issue 5, Pages: 164-175(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 国网西藏电力有限公司,西藏,拉萨,850000
  2. 国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司,江苏,南京,211106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032
  CLC：
- Online First：15 May 2026，
  
  Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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李永斌, 格桑晋美, 吴杰, 朱玲, 徐广. 考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(5): 164-175.

LI Yongbin, GESANG Jinmei, WU Jie, et al. A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients[J]. 2026, 59(5): 164-175.
李永斌, 格桑晋美, 吴杰, 朱玲, 徐广. 考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(5): 164-175. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032.

LI Yongbin, GESANG Jinmei, WU Jie, et al. A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients[J]. 2026, 59(5): 164-175. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032.

摘要

随着电力系统惯量下降导致扰动后系统频率问题加剧，配置构网型储能逐渐成为一次调频的重要手段。若构网型储能参数设置不当反而可能加剧系统暂态稳定风险，且现有研究普遍忽略储能自身荷电状态（state of charge，SOC）约束。为此，提出一种考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法。首先，建立构网型储能与同步发电机协同参与一次调频的详细数学模型，推导系统频率响应传递函数；其次，基于轨迹灵敏度分析，识别出影响暂态频率稳定的关键主导参数并构建以最小化系统最大频率偏差为目标，计及储能SOC安全运行区间、出力限制及系统频率变化率（rate of change of frequency，RoCoF）约束的参数优化模型，采用序列二次规划算法进行求解；最后，通过仿真算例验证，结果表明所提方法在满足SOC与RoCoF约束条件下，使系统最大频率偏差降低43.3%，频率最低点显著抬升，有效提升了系统暂态频率稳定性能。

Abstract

With the decline of system inertia in modern power systems

frequency issues following disturbances have become increasingly severe

and the deployment of grid-forming energy storage has gradually emerged as an important means for primary frequency regulation. However

improper parameter settings of grid-forming energy storage may aggravate transient stability risks

and existing studies generally neglect the state of charge (SOC) constraints of the storage system itself. To address this issue

this paper proposes a primary frequency regulation method for grid-forming energy storage considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients.First

a detailed mathematical model is established to describe the coordinated participation of grid-forming energy storage and synchronous generators in primary frequency regulation

and the system frequency response transfer function is derived. Second

based on trajectory sensitivity analysis

the key dominant parameters affecting transient frequency stability are identified

and a parameter optimization model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the maximum system frequency deviation. The model incorporates constraints on the SOC safe operating range

output limits

and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF)

and is solved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Finally

simulation results demonstrate that

under SOC and RoCoF constraints

the proposed method reduces the maximum frequency deviation by 43.3% and significantly raises the frequency nadir

thereby effectively enhancing the transient frequency stability of the power system.

关键词

Keywords

references

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