Multi-objective Bi-level Planning Model for Distribution Network Energy Storage Considering Refined Charging/Discharging and Carbon Benefits

QI Huanruo; CHEN Chen; GUO Fang; XUE Wenjie; YAN Xiangyang; KANG Yilong; LIU Juncheng; MA Siyuan

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202506048

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Multi-objective Bi-level Planning Model for Distribution Network Energy Storage Considering Refined Charging/Discharging and Carbon Benefits

更新时间：2025-10-29

- Multi-objective Bi-level Planning Model for Distribution Network Energy Storage Considering Refined Charging/Discharging and Carbon Benefits
- Vol. 58, Issue 10, Pages: 121-135(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 国网河南省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,河南,郑州,450000
  2. 上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海,200082
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202506048
  CLC：
- Published Online：23 October 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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齐桓若, 陈晨, 郭放, 薛文杰, 闫向阳, 康祎龙, 刘俊成, 马思源. 考虑精细化充放电与碳效益的配电网储能多目标双层规划模型[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 121-135.

QI Huanruo, CHEN Chen, GUO Fang, et al. Multi-objective Bi-level Planning Model for Distribution Network Energy Storage Considering Refined Charging/Discharging and Carbon Benefits[J]. 2025, 58(10): 121-135.
齐桓若, 陈晨, 郭放, 薛文杰, 闫向阳, 康祎龙, 刘俊成, 马思源. 考虑精细化充放电与碳效益的配电网储能多目标双层规划模型[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 121-135. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202506048.

QI Huanruo, CHEN Chen, GUO Fang, et al. Multi-objective Bi-level Planning Model for Distribution Network Energy Storage Considering Refined Charging/Discharging and Carbon Benefits[J]. 2025, 58(10): 121-135. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202506048.

摘要

高比例新能源发展愿景下，为有效缩短储能回报周期、提升新能源消纳以及降低配电网碳排放，提出一种考虑精细化充放电与碳效益的配电网储能多目标双层规划模型。首先，基于Wasserstein距离和梯度惩罚的改进生成对抗网络（Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty，WGAN-GP）以及K-中心聚类算法（K-medoids）生成光伏典型场景。其次，建立储能系统的充放电精细化模型，并基于储能降碳量和全生命周期碳排放量构建碳效益模型。然后，构建考虑精细化充放电与碳效益的双层配电网储能规划运行模型，以日总成本最小为上层目标，对储能进行优化配置；以运行成本最小、电压偏移量最小和储能碳效益最大为下层目标，实现配电网的优化运行。再次，利用跨层关联变量建模将双层模型转化为单层多目标模型，并采用归一化法向约束法（normalized normal constraint，NNC）求解多目标问题，采用熵权-逼近理想解排序法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution，TOPSIS）选取最优折中解。最后，基于IEEE 33节点系统进行算例仿真，验证模型有效性。

Abstract

Under the vision of high-proportion renewable energy development

in order to effectively shorten the energy storage payback period

enhance renewable energy accommodation

and reduce distribution network carbon emissions

this paper proposes a multi-objective bilevel planning model for energy storage systems (ESSs) in distribution networks that considers refined charging/discharging strategies and carbon benefits. Firstly

typical photovoltaic scenarios are generated using an improved Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) and the K-medoids clustering algorithm. Secondly

a refined charging/discharging model for ESS is established

and a carbon benefit model is constructed based on both the carbon emission reduction enabled by ESS and its lifecycle carbon emissions. And then

a bilevel ESS planning and operation model for distribution network is constructed considering the refined charging/discharging strategies and carbon benefits. The upper-level model aims to minimize the total daily cost for optimal energy storage configuration

while the lower-level model pursues the minimization of operational costs and voltage deviation

as well as the maximization of carbon benefits from energy storage

to achieve optimized distribution network operation. Subsequently

the bilevel model is transformed into a single-layer multi-objective model by modeling the inter-layer coupling variables. The multi-objective model is then solved using the normalized normal constraint (NNC) method

and the optimal compromise solution is selected via the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. Finally

the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through numerical case studies based on the IEEE 33-node system.

关键词

Keywords

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