Optimized thermal energy storage in conical solar stills: enhancing water productivity with flint stone-based heat retention

Mahmoud Bady; Mahmoud A Elazab; Mohammed El Hadi Attia; Abd Elnaby Kabeel

doi:10.1093/ce/zkaf030

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Optimized thermal energy storage in conical solar stills: enhancing water productivity with flint stone-based heat retention

更新时间：2026-02-06

- Optimized thermal energy storage in conical solar stills: enhancing water productivity with flint stone-based heat retention
- Clean Energy Issue 6, (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah
  2. Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Horus University
  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of El Oued
  4. Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University
  5. Faculty of Energy Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1093/ce/zkaf030
  CLC：
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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Mahmoud Bady, Mahmoud A Elazab, Mohammed El Hadi Attia, Abd Elnaby Kabeel, Optimized thermal energy storage in conical solar stills: enhancing water productivity with flint stone-based heat retention, Clean Energy, Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2025, Pages 42–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaf030
DOI：

Mahmoud Bady, Mahmoud A Elazab, Mohammed El Hadi Attia, Abd Elnaby Kabeel, Optimized thermal energy storage in conical solar stills: enhancing water productivity with flint stone-based heat retention, Clean Energy, Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2025, Pages 42–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaf030 DOI：

摘要

The efficiency of solar desalination systems is often hindered by the intermittent nature of solar radiation

leading to thermal fluctuations and reduced freshwater yield. This study investigates the integration of flint stones as a low-cost and effective thermal energy storage (TES) medium to enhance the productivity and efficiency of conical solar stills. A series of experimental analyses were conducted using flint stones of varying diameters (1

1.5

and 2.5 cm) to determine their impact on thermal regulation

evaporation rates

and freshwater production. The findings revealed that 2 cm flint stones exhibited the highest thermal storage capacity and energy retention

leading to a 40.18% increase in water yield (7.85 L/m2/day) compared to the conventional system (5.6 L/m2/day). Additionally

the system with 2 cm flint stones demonstrated a 119.62% improvement in overall efficiency

135% enhancement in exergy efficiency

and 195% increase in the exergy production factor over the baseline system. The integration of flint stones provided thermal stability by reducing heat loss

maintaining consistent basin water temperatures

and extending the evaporation process beyond peak sunlight hours. This improved the overall stability and continuity of distillation performance throughout the day. Quantitatively

the economic analysis indicated a shortened payback period of 19 days for the optimized system

compared to 27 days for the conventional system

making it a cost-effective and sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. This study is the first to optimize the size of natural flint stones as TES materials in conical solar stills

demonstrating their superior heat retention capacity and significant performance improvement in freshwater production and energy utilization. The results validate the synergy between optimized TES and conical geometry as a promising design strategy for sustainable and affordable solar desalination systems. These findings pave the way for more efficient

economically viable

and environmentally sustainable solar desalination systems to combat global water scarcity.

Abstract

The efficiency of solar desalination systems is often hindered by the intermittent nature of solar radiation

1.5

and 2.5 cm) to determine their impact on thermal regulation

evaporation rates

and freshwater production. The findings revealed that 2 cm flint stones exhibited the highest thermal storage capacity and energy retention

leading to a 40.18% increase in water yield (7.85 L/m2/day) compared to the conventional system (5.6 L/m2/day). Additionally

the system with 2 cm flint stones demonstrated a 119.62% improvement in overall efficiency

135% enhancement in exergy efficiency

and 195% increase in the exergy production factor over the baseline system. The integration of flint stones provided thermal stability by reducing heat loss

maintaining consistent basin water temperatures

and extending the evaporation process beyond peak sunlight hours. This improved the overall stability and continuity of distillation performance throughout the day. Quantitatively

the economic analysis indicated a shortened payback period of 19 days for the optimized system

compared to 27 days for the conventional system

making it a cost-effective and sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. This study is the first to optimize the size of natural flint stones as TES materials in conical solar stills

economically viable

and environmentally sustainable solar desalination systems to combat global water scarcity.

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