To expedite China’s pursuit of the “dual-carbon” goal

a gradual transition from traditional fossil energy to renewable energy sources is imperative for the nation’s energy mix. Hydrogen energy

poised to become a pivotal component of the future energy industry

offers myriad advantages

including diverse sources

high efficiency

cleanliness

and high energy density. Salt caverns present distinct benefits for underground storage. This research synthesizes the current development trajectories of renewable energy and hydrogen energy in China

summarizing the advantages

disadvantages

and economic comparisons of various underground hydrogen storage methods

with a particular emphasis on the merits of salt cavern hydrogen storage. Furthermore

it reviews the current state and opportunities for salt cavern hydrogen storage both domestically and internationally

underscoring its substantial potential within China. Ultimately

the research identifies three major scientific and technological challenges associated with hydrogen storage in salt caverns in China and envisions future directions for this technology. The findings of this research are anticipated to contribute to the development of a hydrogen storage strategy in salt caverns that aligns with China’s national conditions.